वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-2, verse-13

पुरुषस्य हि लोके ऽस्मिञ् शोकः शौर्यापकर्षणः ।
यत्तु कार्यं मनुष्येण शौण्डीर्यमवलम्बता ।
शूराणां हि मनुष्याणां त्वद्विधानां महात्मनाम् ॥१३॥

13. puruṣasya hi loke'smiñ śokaḥ śauryāpakarṣaṇaḥ ,
yattu kāryaṃ manuṣyeṇa śauṇḍīryamavalambatā ,
śūrāṇāṃ hi manuṣyāṇāṃ tvadvidhānāṃ mahātmanām.

13. puruṣasya hi loke asmin śokaḥ
śauryāpakarṣaṇaḥ yat tu kāryam manuṣyeṇa
śauṇḍīryam avalambatā śūrāṇām hi
manuṣyāṇām tvadvidhānām mahātmanām

13. hi asmin loke puruṣasya śokaḥ
śauryāpakarṣaṇaḥ tu yat manuṣyeṇa
śauṇḍīryam avalambatā kāryam hi śūrāṇām
manuṣyāṇām tvadvidhānām mahātmanām

13. Indeed, in this world, for a person (puruṣa), sorrow diminishes courage. But what should be done by a human (manuṣya) who embraces valor? For heroes, for great-souled individuals (mahātmanām) like you.

Words meanings summery:

• पुरुषस्य (puruṣasya) - for a person (puruṣa) (of a man, of a person, of the cosmic being)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

• लोके (loke) - in this world (in the world, in the realm)

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this (world) (in this (masculine singular))

• शोकः (śokaḥ) - sorrow (sorrow, grief, lamentation)

• शौर्यापकर्षणः (śauryāpakarṣaṇaḥ) - diminishes courage (diminishing courage, weakening valor)

• यत् (yat) - what (which, what, that (relative pronoun))

• तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed, however)

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - should be done, is to be done (to be done, duty, action, business)

• मनुष्येण (manuṣyeṇa) - by a human (manuṣya) (by a man, by a human being)

• शौण्डीर्यम् (śauṇḍīryam) - valor (valor, heroism, bravery)

• अवलम्बता (avalambatā) - by one who embraces (by one embracing, by one holding onto)

• शूराणाम् (śūrāṇām) - for heroes (of heroes, for heroes)

• हि (hi) - for (indeed, surely, for, because)

• मनुष्याणाम् (manuṣyāṇām) - for men (manuṣya) (of men, for men)

• त्वद्विधानाम् (tvadvidhānām) - for those like you (of those like you, for those like you)

• महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - for great-souled individuals (mahātmanām) (of great souls, for great-souled ones)

Words meanings and morphology

पुरुषस्य (puruṣasya) - for a person (puruṣa) (of a man, of a person, of the cosmic being)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, human being, person, male, spirit, cosmic person

Note: Used as 'for a person' (dative sense).

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

लोके (loke) - in this world (in the world, in the realm)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people, division of the universe

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this (world) (in this (masculine singular))

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Agrees with loke.

शोकः (śokaḥ) - sorrow (sorrow, grief, lamentation)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, lamentation, anguish

From root śuc (शुच्) 'to grieve'.

Root: śuc (class 1)

शौर्यापकर्षणः (śauryāpakarṣaṇaḥ) - diminishes courage (diminishing courage, weakening valor)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śauryāpakarṣaṇa

śauryāpakarṣaṇa - diminishing valor, taking away heroism

Formed from śaurya (शौर्य) + apakarṣaṇa (अपकर्षण).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śaurya+apakarṣaṇa)

• śaurya – valor, heroism, bravery, prowess
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from śūra (शूर) "hero".
• apakarṣaṇa – drawing away, diminishing, degradation, withdrawal
  noun (neuter)
  Action noun from root kṛṣ (कृष्) 'to pull, draw' with prefix apa (अप).
  Prefix: apa
  Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

यत् (yat) - what (which, what, that (relative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that, because, since

Note: Subject of the clause 'what is to be done'.

तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

कार्यम् (kāryam) - should be done, is to be done (to be done, duty, action, business)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, fit to be done, duty, action, work

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From root kṛ (कृ) 'to do, make'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with yat.

मनुष्येण (manuṣyeṇa) - by a human (manuṣya) (by a man, by a human being)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of manuṣya

manuṣya - man, human being, person

From manu (मनु) "man, first human".

Note: Agent of the passive kāryam.

शौण्डीर्यम् (śauṇḍīryam) - valor (valor, heroism, bravery)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śauṇḍīrya

śauṇḍīrya - valor, heroism, bravery, pride, arrogance

Abstract noun from śauṇḍa (शौण्ड) "heroic, proud".

अवलम्बता (avalambatā) - by one who embraces (by one embracing, by one holding onto)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of avalambant

avalamb - to hang down, to cling to, to rely on, to embrace

Present Active Participle

From root lamb (लम्ब्) 'to hang, depend on' with prefix ava (अव).

Prefix: ava

Root: lamb (class 1)

Note: Agrees with manuṣyeṇa.

शूराणाम् (śūrāṇām) - for heroes (of heroes, for heroes)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - hero, brave, valiant, warrior

हि (hi) - for (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

मनुष्याणाम् (manuṣyāṇām) - for men (manuṣya) (of men, for men)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of manuṣya

manuṣya - man, human being, person

From manu (मनु) "man, first human".

त्वद्विधानाम् (tvadvidhānām) - for those like you (of those like you, for those like you)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tvadvidha

tvadvidha - like you, similar to you

Formed from tvad (युष्मद् stem) and vidha (विध).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yuṣmad+vidha)

• yuṣmad – you
  pronoun
• vidha – kind, sort, manner, having the nature of
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  Often used as a suffix to denote 'kind' or 'like'.

Note: Agrees with manuṣyāṇām.

महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - for great-souled individuals (mahātmanām) (of great souls, for great-souled ones)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble-minded, exalted, a great person

From mahā (महा) "great" + ātman (आत्मन्) "soul".

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  Stem of mahat (महत्).
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with śūrāṇām and manuṣyāṇām.