वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-14, verse-14

एवमुक्त्वा धनुष्पाणिः क्रोधविस्फारितेक्षणः ।
बभूव रामो दुर्धर्षो युगान्ताग्निरिव ज्वलन् ॥१४॥

14. evamuktvā dhanuṣpāṇiḥ krodhavisphāritekṣaṇaḥ ,
babhūva rāmo durdharṣo yugāntāgniriva jvalan.

14. evam uktvā dhanuṣpāṇiḥ krodhavisphāritekṣaṇaḥ
babhūva rāmaḥ durdharṣaḥ yugāntāgniḥ iva jvalan

14. evam uktvā,
dhanuṣpāṇiḥ krodhavisphāritekṣaṇaḥ rāmaḥ durdharṣaḥ yugāntāgniḥ iva jvalan babhūva

14. Having spoken thus, Rāma, with a bow in his hand and his eyes dilated with rage, became formidable, blazing like the fire at the dissolution of a cosmic age (yuga).

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, after speaking

• धनुष्पाणिः (dhanuṣpāṇiḥ) - with a bow in his hand (bow in hand, armed with a bow)

• क्रोधविस्फारितेक्षणः (krodhavisphāritekṣaṇaḥ) - with his eyes dilated with rage (whose eyes were dilated/wide with anger)

• बभूव (babhūva) - became, was

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma

• दुर्धर्षः (durdharṣaḥ) - formidable, unassailable, invincible, difficult to subdue

• युगान्ताग्निः (yugāntāgniḥ) - the fire at the dissolution of a cosmic age (the fire at the end of a cosmic age)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• ज्वलन् (jvalan) - burning, blazing, shining

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'uktvā'.

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, after speaking

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from √vac (to speak) with suffix -ktvā.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Connects preceding action to main verb.

धनुष्पाणिः (dhanuṣpāṇiḥ) - with a bow in his hand (bow in hand, armed with a bow)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanuṣpāṇi

dhanuṣpāṇi - having a bow in hand, bow-handed

Bahuvrihi compound: dhanuḥ (bow) pāṇau yasya saḥ (in whose hand it is).

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (dhanus+pāṇi)

• dhanus – bow, arc
  noun (neuter)
• pāṇi – hand
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicative adjective for Rāma.

क्रोधविस्फारितेक्षणः (krodhavisphāritekṣaṇaḥ) - with his eyes dilated with rage (whose eyes were dilated/wide with anger)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of krodhavisphāritekṣaṇa

krodhavisphāritekṣaṇa - having eyes wide open due to anger

Bahuvrihi compound: krodhena (by anger) visphāritam (dilated) īkṣaṇam (eye) yasya saḥ (whose it is).

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (krodha+visphārita+īkṣaṇa)

• krodha – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
  From √krudh (to be angry)
  Root: krudh (class 4)
• visphārita – dilated, wide open, expanded
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From vi-√sphṛ (to expand, to dilate) + causative + kta.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: sphṛ (class 1)
• īkṣaṇa – eye, looking, seeing
  noun (neuter)
  From √īkṣ (to see)
  Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for Rāma.

बभूव (babhūva) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (name of a Hindu deity, hero of the Rāmāyaṇa), pleasant, charming

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'babhūva'.

दुर्धर्षः (durdharṣaḥ) - formidable, unassailable, invincible, difficult to subdue

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durdharṣa

durdharṣa - unassailable, formidable, invincible, difficult to be overcome

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle) in meaning

Compound of dur (difficult) and dharṣa (to be attacked/overcome, from √dhṛṣ).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (dur+dhṛṣa)

• dus – difficult, bad, hard
  prefix
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness.
• dhṛṣa – assailable, daring, bold
  adjective (masculine)
  From √dhṛṣ (to dare, to attack)
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

Note: Predicative adjective for Rāma.

युगान्ताग्निः (yugāntāgniḥ) - the fire at the dissolution of a cosmic age (the fire at the end of a cosmic age)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yugāntāgni

yugāntāgni - the fire of the dissolution of a cosmic age, fire at the end of the world

Tatpurusha compound: yuga (age) + anta (end) + agni (fire).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (yuga+anta+agni)

• yuga – age, epoch, cosmic age, yoke
  noun (neuter)
  Root: yuj (class 7)
• anta – end, limit, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ant (class 1)
• agni – fire, god of fire
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ag (class 1)

Note: Comparison object for Rāma.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

Note: Connects 'Rāma' to 'yugāntāgniḥ'.

ज्वलन् (jvalan) - burning, blazing, shining

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jvalat

jvalat - burning, blazing, shining

Present Active Participle

Formed from √jval (to burn, to shine) with present participle suffix -at.

Root: jval (class 1)

Note: Describes Rāma's state while becoming formidable.