वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-14, verse-1

तस्य रामस्य सुप्तस्य कुशास्तीर्णे महीतले ।
नियमादप्रमत्तस्य निशास्तिस्रो ऽतिचक्रमुः ॥१॥

1. tasya rāmasya suptasya kuśāstīrṇe mahītale ,
niyamādapramattasya niśāstisro'ticakramuḥ.

1. tasya rāmasya suptasya kuśāstīrṇe mahītale
niyamāt apramattasya niśāḥ tisraḥ aticakramuḥ

1. kuśāstīrṇe mahītale suptasya niyamāt apramattasya
tasya rāmasya tisraḥ niśāḥ aticakramuḥ

1. While Rāma, who was sleeping on the kuśa-spread ground and was attentive to his religious observance (niyama), three nights passed by.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of that, his

• रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rāma

• सुप्तस्य (suptasya) - of the sleeping one, while sleeping

• कुशास्तीर्णे (kuśāstīrṇe) - on the kuśa-spread

• महीतले (mahītale) - on the ground, on the earth's surface

• नियमात् (niyamāt) - attentive to his religious observance (niyama) (from/due to rule, from/due to religious observance, by self-restraint)

• अप्रमत्तस्य (apramattasya) - of the attentive, of the vigilant, of the not-negligent

• निशाः (niśāḥ) - nights

• तिस्रः (tisraḥ) - three

• अतिचक्रमुः (aticakramuḥ) - they passed by, they went beyond

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of that, his

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rāma

रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rāma

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of Rāma

Rāma - name of a celebrated king of Ayodhyā

सुप्तस्य (suptasya) - of the sleeping one, while sleeping

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of supta

supta - slept, asleep, sleeping

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root svap (to sleep).

Root: svap (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'rāmasya'

कुशास्तीर्णे (kuśāstīrṇe) - on the kuśa-spread

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of kuśāstīrṇa

kuśāstīrṇa - covered or spread with kuśa grass

Compound type : tatpurusha (kuśa+āstīrṇa)

• kuśa – a type of sacred grass
  noun (masculine)
• āstīrṇa – spread, covered
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root stṛ (to spread) with prefix ā-.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: stṛ (class 5)

Note: Modifies 'mahītale'

महीतले (mahītale) - on the ground, on the earth's surface

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahītala

mahītala - earth's surface, ground

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahī+tala)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• tala – surface, plane, flat ground
  noun (neuter)

नियमात् (niyamāt) - attentive to his religious observance (niyama) (from/due to rule, from/due to religious observance, by self-restraint)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of niyama

niyama - rule, regulation, religious observance, self-restraint, control

Note: Used adverbially here, implying 'because of his observance' or 'by virtue of his observance'.

अप्रमत्तस्य (apramattasya) - of the attentive, of the vigilant, of the not-negligent

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of apramatta

apramatta - attentive, careful, vigilant, not negligent, assiduous

Past Passive Participle (negative compound)

Derived from root mad (to be intoxicated, negligent) with prefix pra- (intensely) and negative prefix a-.

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+pramatta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• pramatta – negligent, careless, intoxicated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root mad (to be negligent) with prefix pra-.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'rāmasya'

निशाः (niśāḥ) - nights

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of niśā

niśā - night

तिस्रः (tisraḥ) - three

(numeral)

Note: Modifies 'niśāḥ'

अतिचक्रमुः (aticakramuḥ) - they passed by, they went beyond

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of kram

Perfect 3rd plural active

Root kram (class 1 or 4), with prefix ati-. Perfect tense (liṭ).

Prefix: ati

Root: kram (class 1)