वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-23, verse-20

धिगस्तु खलु मानुष्यं धिगस्तु परवश्यताम् ।
न शक्यं यत् परित्यक्तुमात्मच्छन्देन जीवितम् ॥२०॥

20. dhigastu khalu mānuṣyaṃ dhigastu paravaśyatām ,
na śakyaṃ yat parityaktumātmacchandena jīvitam.

20. dhik astu khalu mānuṣyam dhik astu paravaśyatām
na śakyam yat parityaktum ātmacchandena jīvitam

20. khalu mānuṣyam dhik astu paravaśyatām dhik astu
yat jīvitam ātmacchandena parityaktum na śakyam

20. Fie upon this human condition indeed! Fie upon this dependence on others! For it is not possible to abandon life by one's own will (ātmacchanda).

Words meanings summery:

• धिक् (dhik) - fie!, shame!, curse!

• अस्तु (astu) - let it be, may it be

• खलु (khalu) - indeed, certainly, surely

• मानुष्यम् (mānuṣyam) - humanity, human condition, human existence

• धिक् (dhik) - fie!, shame!, curse!

• अस्तु (astu) - let it be, may it be

• परवश्यताम् (paravaśyatām) - dependence on others, subordination, helplessness

• न (na) - not, no

• शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, able, practicable

• यत् (yat) - which, that (relative pronoun)

• परित्यक्तुम् (parityaktum) - to abandon completely, to give up entirely

• आत्मच्छन्देन (ātmacchandena) - by one's own will, by one's own desire

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, existence

Words meanings and morphology

धिक् (dhik) - fie!, shame!, curse!

(indeclinable)

अस्तु (astu) - let it be, may it be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

खलु (khalu) - indeed, certainly, surely

(indeclinable)

मानुष्यम् (mānuṣyam) - humanity, human condition, human existence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mānuṣya

mānuṣya - humanity, human nature, human condition, human race

धिक् (dhik) - fie!, shame!, curse!

(indeclinable)

अस्तु (astu) - let it be, may it be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

परवश्यताम् (paravaśyatām) - dependence on others, subordination, helplessness

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of paravaśyatā

paravaśyatā - dependence on others, subordination, helplessness, state of being subject to another

Compound type : tatpurusha (para+vaśyatā)

• para – other, another, supreme, dependent on
  adjective
• vaśyatā – subservience, dependence, subordination
  noun (feminine)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, able, practicable

(adjective)

neuter, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, capable, able to be done, practicable

Gerundive

From root śak (to be able).

Root: śak (class 5)

यत् (yat) - which, that (relative pronoun)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, that, who, what

परित्यक्तुम् (parityaktum) - to abandon completely, to give up entirely

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Prefix: pari

Root: tyaj (class 1)

आत्मच्छन्देन (ātmacchandena) - by one's own will, by one's own desire

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ātmacchanda

ātmacchanda - one's own will, free will, self-desire

Compound type : tatpurusha (ātman+chanda)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence, ego
  noun (masculine)
• chanda – will, desire, pleasure, wish, intention
  noun (masculine)

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, existence

(noun)

neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, existence, living, livelihood

Past Passive Participle

Substantivized past passive participle of √jīv.

Root: jīv (class 1)