वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-23, verse-10

सा निःश्वसन्ती दुःखार्ता शोकोपहतचेतना ।
आर्ता व्यसृजदश्रूणि मैथिली विललाप ह ॥१०॥

10. sā niḥśvasantī duḥkhārtā śokopahatacetanā ,
ārtā vyasṛjadaśrūṇi maithilī vilalāpa ha.

10. sā niḥśvasantī duḥkhārtā śokopahatacetanā
ārtā vyasṛjat aśrūṇi maithilī vilalāpa ha

10. She, deeply afflicted by sorrow, her consciousness overwhelmed by grief, sighed and shed tears. Indeed, Maithili (Sita) lamented.

Words meanings summery:

• सा (sā) - she

• निःश्वसन्ती (niḥśvasantī) - sighing, exhaling

• दुःखार्ता (duḥkhārtā) - distressed by sorrow, afflicted by suffering

• शोकोपहतचेतना (śokopahatacetanā) - whose consciousness is overwhelmed by grief

• आर्ता (ārtā) - afflicted, distressed, pained

• व्यसृजत् (vyasṛjat) - she shed, she released, she let go

• अश्रूणि (aśrūṇi) - tears

• मैथिली (maithilī) - Sita (Maithili, Princess of Mithila)

• विललाप (vilalāpa) - she lamented, she wailed

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly, an expletive

Words meanings and morphology

सा (sā) - she

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

निःश्वसन्ती (niḥśvasantī) - sighing, exhaling

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of niḥśvasat

niḥśvasat - sighing, exhaling

Present Active Participle

Derived from root śvas- (to breathe) with prefix niḥ- (out, forth)

Prefix: niḥ

Root: śvas (class 2)

दुःखार्ता (duḥkhārtā) - distressed by sorrow, afflicted by suffering

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of duḥkhārta

duḥkhārta - afflicted by sorrow, sorrowful

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+ārta)

• duḥkha – pain, sorrow, suffering, misery
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, pained
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root ṛcch- (to go, to suffer)
  Root: ṛcch (class 6)

शोकोपहतचेतना (śokopahatacetanā) - whose consciousness is overwhelmed by grief

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śokopahatacetana

śokopahatacetana - one whose consciousness is struck/overwhelmed by grief

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śoka+upahata+cetanā)

• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• upahata – struck, afflicted, overwhelmed, destroyed
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root han- (to strike, to kill) with prefix upa-
  Prefix: upa
  Root: han (class 2)
• cetanā – consciousness, intelligence, understanding
  noun (feminine)
  Root: cit (class 1)

आर्ता (ārtā) - afflicted, distressed, pained

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ārta

ārta - afflicted, distressed, pained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root ṛcch- (to go, to suffer)

Root: ṛcch (class 6)

Note: Repetition of 'ārtā' emphasizes her distressed state.

व्यसृजत् (vyasṛjat) - she shed, she released, she let go

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of sṛj

Imperfect 3rd singular active

Prefix: vi

Root: sṛj (class 6)

अश्रूणि (aśrūṇi) - tears

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of aśru

aśru - tear

मैथिली (maithilī) - Sita (Maithili, Princess of Mithila)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of maithilī

maithilī - Princess of Mithila, an epithet for Sītā

विललाप (vilalāpa) - she lamented, she wailed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of lap

Perfect 3rd singular active

Prefix: vi

Root: lap (class 1)

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly, an expletive

(indeclinable)