वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-23, verse-17

सर्वथा तेन हीनाया रामेण विदितात्मना ।
तीष्क्णं विषमिवास्वाद्य दुर्लभं मम जीवितम् ॥१७॥

17. sarvathā tena hīnāyā rāmeṇa viditātmanā ,
tīṣkṇaṃ viṣamivāsvādya durlabhaṃ mama jīvitam.

17. sarvathā tena hīnāyā rāmeṇa viditātmanā tīkṣṇam
viṣam iva āsvādya durlabham mama jīvitam

17. sarvathā tena rāmeṇa viditātmanā hīnāyā mama
jīvitam tīkṣṇam viṣam iva āsvādya durlabham

17. For me, entirely separated from him, Rama, whose (ātman) is known, my life is difficult to maintain, as if I have consumed potent poison.

Words meanings summery:

• सर्वथा (sarvathā) - completely (in every way, entirely, by all means)

• तेन (tena) - by him, by that (masculine)

• हीनाया (hīnāyā) - for me, who is deprived (feminine singular) (for the deprived one, of the deprived one (feminine))

• रामेण (rāmeṇa) - by Rama

• विदितात्मना (viditātmanā) - by the one whose true nature (ātman) is known, or who has self-control (by one whose (ātman) is known, by the self-realized one, by the one of known character/nature)

• तीक्ष्णम् (tīkṣṇam) - potent (poison) (sharp, pungent, potent, fierce)

• विषम् (viṣam) - poison, venom

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• आस्वाद्य (āsvādya) - having tasted, having experienced

• दुर्लभम् (durlabham) - difficult to sustain/live (difficult to obtain, hard to get, difficult to maintain/live)

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, existence

Words meanings and morphology

सर्वथा (sarvathā) - completely (in every way, entirely, by all means)

(indeclinable)

Formed from sarva with suffix -thā

तेन (tena) - by him, by that (masculine)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rama.

हीनाया (hīnāyā) - for me, who is deprived (feminine singular) (for the deprived one, of the deprived one (feminine))

(adjective)

feminine, singular of hīna

hīna - deprived of, abandoned, wanting, inferior

Past Passive Participle

From root hā- (to abandon, forsake)

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Dative implies "for me (deprived)", genitive "of me (deprived)". Dative seems more fitting with 'mama jīvitam durlabham'.

रामेण (rāmeṇa) - by Rama

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (proper name, avatar of Vishnu)

Note: Refers to the epic hero Rama.

विदितात्मना (viditātmanā) - by the one whose true nature (ātman) is known, or who has self-control (by one whose (ātman) is known, by the self-realized one, by the one of known character/nature)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of viditātman

viditātman - one whose (ātman) is known, one who knows his (ātman), one of known character/nature

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vidita+ātman)

• vidita – known, understood
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vid- (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)
• ātman – (ātman), self, soul, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'rāmeṇa'.

तीक्ष्णम् (tīkṣṇam) - potent (poison) (sharp, pungent, potent, fierce)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tīkṣṇa

tīkṣṇa - sharp, pungent, hot, potent, fierce

Root: tij (class 6)

Note: Modifies 'viṣam'.

विषम् (viṣam) - poison, venom

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of viṣa

viṣa - poison, venom

Note: Object of 'āsvādya'.

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

आस्वाद्य (āsvādya) - having tasted, having experienced

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root svad- (to taste) with prefix ā- and suffix -ya

Prefix: ā

Root: svad (class 1)

Note: Literally 'having tasted', figuratively 'having experienced'.

दुर्लभम् (durlabham) - difficult to sustain/live (difficult to obtain, hard to get, difficult to maintain/live)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of durlabha

durlabha - difficult to obtain, rare, hard to get

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle (compound)

Compound of dur- (difficult) and labhya (to be obtained, from root labh-)

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (dur+labha)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
• labha – obtainable, to be gained
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  From root labh- (to obtain)
  Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'jīvitam'.

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, my, me, we, our, us

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, existence

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, existence

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

From root jīv- (to live)

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence (implied 'is').