वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-23, verse-1

तथा तासां वदन्तीनां परुषं दारुणं बहु ।
राक्षसीनामसौम्यानां रुरोद जनकात्मजा ॥१॥

1. tathā tāsāṃ vadantīnāṃ paruṣaṃ dāruṇaṃ bahu ,
rākṣasīnāmasaumyānāṃ ruroda janakātmajā.

1. tathā tāsām vadantīnām paruṣam dāruṇam bahu
rākṣasīnām asaumyānām ruroda janakātmajā

1. tathā asaumyānām rākṣasīnām tāsām paruṣam
dāruṇam bahu vadantīnām janakātmajā ruroda

1. While those unfriendly demonesses (rākṣasī) were speaking many harsh and cruel words, Janaka's daughter (Sītā) wept.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - while, thus (thus, so, in that manner, similarly)

• तासाम् (tāsām) - of those (of those, their (feminine))

• वदन्तीनाम् (vadantīnām) - while speaking (of the speaking ones, while speaking)

• परुषम् (paruṣam) - harsh (adverbial) (harsh, rough, cruel, severe)

• दारुणम् (dāruṇam) - cruel (adverbial) (terrible, dreadful, cruel, hard)

• बहु (bahu) - many (adverbial sense, referring to words) (much, many, abundant, greatly)

• राक्षसीनाम् (rākṣasīnām) - of the demonesses

• असौम्यानाम् (asaumyānām) - of the unfriendly ones (of the unfriendly, fierce, not gentle ones)

• रुरोद (ruroda) - wept, cried (perfect tense)

• जनकात्मजा (janakātmajā) - Janaka's daughter (Sītā) (daughter of Janaka (Sītā))

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - while, thus (thus, so, in that manner, similarly)

(indeclinable)

तासाम् (tāsām) - of those (of those, their (feminine))

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that (demonstrative pronoun)

वदन्तीनाम् (vadantīnām) - while speaking (of the speaking ones, while speaking)

(adjective)

Genitive, feminine, plural of vadat

vadat - speaking, saying

Present Active Participle

From root √vad (1st class).

Root: vad (class 1)

परुषम् (paruṣam) - harsh (adverbial) (harsh, rough, cruel, severe)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, cruel, severe, unkind

दारुणम् (dāruṇam) - cruel (adverbial) (terrible, dreadful, cruel, hard)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dāruṇa

dāruṇa - terrible, dreadful, cruel, hard, fierce

बहु (bahu) - many (adverbial sense, referring to words) (much, many, abundant, greatly)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bahu

bahu - much, many, abundant, numerous

राक्षसीनाम् (rākṣasīnām) - of the demonesses

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of rākṣasī

rākṣasī - a female demon, demoness

Feminine form of rākṣasa

असौम्यानाम् (asaumyānām) - of the unfriendly ones (of the unfriendly, fierce, not gentle ones)

(adjective)

Genitive, feminine, plural of asaumyā

asaumyā - unfriendly, fierce, not gentle, inauspicious

Compound: a- (negative prefix) + saumyā (gentle, auspicious)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+saumyā)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• saumyā – gentle, mild, auspicious, benevolent
  adjective (feminine)
  From soma (moon, 'moon-like')

रुरोद (ruroda) - wept, cried (perfect tense)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of ruroda

Perfect Active Third Person Singular

From the root √rud (2nd class). Perfect tense (lit).

Root: rud (class 2)

जनकात्मजा (janakātmajā) - Janaka's daughter (Sītā) (daughter of Janaka (Sītā))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of janakātmajā

janakātmajā - daughter of Janaka

Compound noun

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (janaka+ātmajā)

• janaka – father, begetter, King Janaka (Sītā's father)
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• ātmajā – daughter
  noun (feminine)
  Feminine form of ātmaja (son/daughter), from ātman (self) + jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)