वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-23, verse-15

भर्तारं तमपश्यन्ती राक्षसीवशमागता ।
सीदामि खलु शोकेन कूलं तोयहतं यथा ॥१५॥

15. bhartāraṃ tamapaśyantī rākṣasīvaśamāgatā ,
sīdāmi khalu śokena kūlaṃ toyahataṃ yathā.

15. bhartāram tam apaśyantī rākṣasīvaśam āgatā
sīdāmi khalu śokena kūlam toyahatam yathā

15. tam bhartāram apaśyantī rākṣasīvaśam āgatā
śokena khalu sīdāmi yathā toyahatam kūlam

15. Not seeing that husband of mine and having fallen under the sway of the rākṣasīs, I am indeed sinking in sorrow, just like a riverbank eroded by water.

Words meanings summery:

• भर्तारम् (bhartāram) - husband, maintainer, supporter

• तम् (tam) - him, that (masculine)

• अपश्यन्ती (apaśyantī) - not seeing, failing to see

• राक्षसीवशम् (rākṣasīvaśam) - under the control of rākṣasīs

• आगता (āgatā) - having come, having arrived, fallen (into a state)

• सीदामि (sīdāmi) - I sink, I despair, I become dejected

• खलु (khalu) - indeed, surely, certainly

• शोकेन (śokena) - by sorrow, by grief

• कूलम् (kūlam) - riverbank, shore, slope

• तोयहतम् (toyahatam) - struck by water, eroded by water

• यथा (yathā) - just as, like, in the manner that

Words meanings and morphology

भर्तारम् (bhartāram) - husband, maintainer, supporter

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - husband, supporter, maintainer

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

तम् (tam) - him, that (masculine)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rama.

अपश्यन्ती (apaśyantī) - not seeing, failing to see

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of apaśyant

apaśyant - not seeing

Present Active Participle (feminine)

Derived from root dṛś- (to see) with prefix a- (negation)

Prefix: a

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implied 'I' (Sita).

राक्षसीवशम् (rākṣasīvaśam) - under the control of rākṣasīs

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rākṣasīvaśa

rākṣasīvaśa - control of rākṣasīs

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rākṣasī+vaśa)

• rākṣasī – female demon, ogress
  noun (feminine)
• vaśa – control, power, sway
  noun (masculine)

आगता (āgatā) - having come, having arrived, fallen (into a state)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, attained, fallen into

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam- (to go) with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implied 'I' (Sita).

सीदामि (sīdāmi) - I sink, I despair, I become dejected

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of sīd

Present tense, Parasmaipada, 1st person singular. Stem 'sīd' from root 'sad'.

Root: sad (class 1)

खलु (khalu) - indeed, surely, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

शोकेन (śokena) - by sorrow, by grief

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, lamentation

Root: śuc (class 1)

कूलम् (kūlam) - riverbank, shore, slope

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kūla

kūla - bank (of a river), shore, slope

Note: Functions as the subject in the simile.

तोयहतम् (toyahatam) - struck by water, eroded by water

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of toyahata

toyahata - struck by water, damaged by water, eroded by water

Past Passive Participle (compound)

Derived from root han- (to strike, damage) preceded by toya (water)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (toya+hata)

• toya – water
  noun (neuter)
• hata – struck, damaged, killed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root han- (to strike)
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'kūlam'.

यथा (yathā) - just as, like, in the manner that

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a comparison.