वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-54, verse-19

मतं तद्वालिपुत्रस्य विज्ञाय प्लवगर्षभाः ।
उपस्पृश्योदकं सर्वे प्राङ्मुखाः समुपाविशन् ।
दक्षिणाग्रेषु दर्भेषु उदक्तीरं समाश्रिताः ॥१९॥

19. mataṃ tadvāliputrasya vijñāya plavagarṣabhāḥ ,
upaspṛśyodakaṃ sarve prāṅmukhāḥ samupāviśan ,
dakṣiṇāgreṣu darbheṣu udaktīraṃ samāśritāḥ.

19. matam tat vāliputrasya vijñāya
plavagarṣabhāḥ upaspṛśya udakam sarve
prāṅmukhāḥ samupāviśan dakṣiṇāgreṣu
darbheṣu udaktīram samāśritāḥ

19. Having understood that intention of Valin's son (Angada), all the chief monkeys, having purified themselves with water, sat down facing east, resorting to the northern bank upon darbha grass with tips pointing south.

Words meanings summery:

• मतम् (matam) - intention (of Angada) (opinion, intention, thought, belief)

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• वालिपुत्रस्य (vāliputrasya) - of Angada, son of Valin (of Valin's son)

• विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having understood, having known

• प्लवगर्षभाः (plavagarṣabhāḥ) - chief monkeys, best of jump-goers

• उपस्पृश्य (upaspṛśya) - having purified themselves (with water) (having touched, having purified oneself)

• उदकम् (udakam) - water

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (the chief monkeys) (all, everyone)

• प्राङ्मुखाः (prāṅmukhāḥ) - facing east

• समुपाविशन् (samupāviśan) - they sat down

• दक्षिणाग्रेषु (dakṣiṇāgreṣu) - on the darbha grass with tips pointing south (on those having southern tips, with tips pointing south)

• दर्भेषु (darbheṣu) - on the darbha grass

• उदक्तीरम् (udaktīram) - northern bank, northern shore

• समाश्रिताः (samāśritāḥ) - having resorted to (the northern bank) (having resorted to, having taken refuge in, dependent on)

Words meanings and morphology

मतम् (matam) - intention (of Angada) (opinion, intention, thought, belief)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mata

mata - thought, opinion, intention, agreed upon

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root man (to think). Past passive participle used as a noun.

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Object of 'vijñāya'.

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'matam'.

वालिपुत्रस्य (vāliputrasya) - of Angada, son of Valin (of Valin's son)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vāliputra

vāliputra - son of Valin

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vālin+putra)

• vālin – Valin (proper noun)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Possessive of 'matam'.

विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having understood, having known

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root jñā (to know) with upasarga vi (apart, distinctly). Absolutive form.

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

प्लवगर्षभाः (plavagarṣabhāḥ) - chief monkeys, best of jump-goers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of plavagarṣabha

plavagarṣabha - chief of monkeys, best of jump-goers

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (plavaga+ṛṣabha)

• plavaga – monkey (lit. jump-goer)
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root plu (to jump) and gam (to go).
  Root: plu (class 1)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'samupāviśan'.

उपस्पृश्य (upaspṛśya) - having purified themselves (with water) (having touched, having purified oneself)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root spṛś (to touch) with upasarga upa (near, under). Absolutive form.

Prefix: upa

Root: spṛś (class 6)

उदकम् (udakam) - water

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of udaka

udaka - water

Note: Object of 'upaspṛśya'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all (the chief monkeys) (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Subject of 'samupāviśan'.

प्राङ्मुखाः (prāṅmukhāḥ) - facing east

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prāṅmukha

prāṅmukha - facing east

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (prāñc+mukha)

• prāñc – eastern, facing east
  adjective (masculine)
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'sarve' and 'plavagarṣabhāḥ'.

समुपाविशन् (samupāviśan) - they sat down

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of samupaviś

Imperfect Active

Root viś (to enter) with upasargas sam (together) and upa (near) and ā (towards). Imperfect tense, 3rd person plural.

Prefixes: sam+upa+ā

Root: viś (class 6)

दक्षिणाग्रेषु (dakṣiṇāgreṣu) - on the darbha grass with tips pointing south (on those having southern tips, with tips pointing south)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of dakṣiṇāgra

dakṣiṇāgra - having its tip to the south

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dakṣiṇa+agra)

• dakṣiṇa – south, right
  adjective (masculine)
• agra – tip, front, top
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'darbheṣu'.

दर्भेषु (darbheṣu) - on the darbha grass

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of darbha

darbha - darbha grass (Poa cynosuroides), sacred grass used in rituals

Note: Refers to the place where they sat.

उदक्तीरम् (udaktīram) - northern bank, northern shore

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of udaktīra

udaktīra - northern bank, northern shore

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (udak+tīra)

• udak – north, northern
  indeclinable
• tīra – bank, shore
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'samāśritāḥ'.

समाश्रिताः (samāśritāḥ) - having resorted to (the northern bank) (having resorted to, having taken refuge in, dependent on)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samāśrita

samāśrita - resorted to, taken refuge in, supported by

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śri (to resort to) with upasargas sam (together) and ā (towards). Past passive participle.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'sarve' and 'plavagarṣabhāḥ'.