वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-54, verse-18

सुग्रीवं चैव निन्दन्तः प्रशंसन्तश्च वालिनम् ।
परिवार्याङ्गदो सर्वे व्यवस्यन्प्रायमासितुम् ॥१८॥

18. sugrīvaṃ caiva nindantaḥ praśaṃsantaśca vālinam ,
parivāryāṅgado sarve vyavasyanprāyamāsitum.

18. sugrīvam ca eva nindantaḥ praśaṃsantaḥ ca vālinam
parivārya aṅgadaḥ sarve vyavasyan prāyam āsitum

18. Criticizing Sugriva and praising Valin, all of them, having surrounded Angada, resolved to undertake a fast unto death (prāya).

Words meanings summery:

• सुग्रीवम् (sugrīvam) - Sugriva

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• निन्दन्तः (nindantaḥ) - blaming, criticizing

• प्रशंसन्तः (praśaṁsantaḥ) - praising, commending

• च (ca) - and

• वालिनम् (vālinam) - Valin

• परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded, having encircled

• अङ्गदः (aṅgadaḥ) - Angada

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (the monkeys) (all, everyone)

• व्यवस्यन् (vyavasyan) - they resolved, they decided

• प्रायम् (prāyam) - fast unto death, resolve to die

• आसितुम् (āsitum) - to undertake (the fast) (to sit, to undertake)

Words meanings and morphology

सुग्रीवम् (sugrīvam) - Sugriva

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugriva (proper noun), one with a beautiful neck

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+grīvā)

• su – good, well
  indeclinable
• grīvā – neck
  noun (feminine)

Note: Object of 'nindantaḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

निन्दन्तः (nindantaḥ) - blaming, criticizing

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nindat

nindat - blaming, censuring

Present Active Participle

Derived from root nind (to blame). Present active participle.

Root: nind (class 1)

Note: Refers to the monkeys (implied subject 'sarve').

प्रशंसन्तः (praśaṁsantaḥ) - praising, commending

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of praśaṃsat

praśaṁsat - praising, eulogizing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root śaṃs (to praise) with upasarga pra (forth). Present active participle.

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Refers to the monkeys (implied subject 'sarve').

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

वालिनम् (vālinam) - Valin

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vālin

vālin - Valin (proper noun), endowed with a tail

Derived from vāla (tail) with possessive suffix -in.

Note: Object of 'praśaṃsantaḥ'.

परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded, having encircled

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root vṛ (to cover, enclose) with upasargas pari (around) and ā (towards). Absolutive form.

Prefixes: pari+ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

अङ्गदः (aṅgadaḥ) - Angada

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aṅgada

aṅgada - Angada (proper noun), a bracelet, ornament for the arm

Note: Subject of 'vyavasyan' along with 'sarve'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all (the monkeys) (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Subject of 'vyavasyan'.

व्यवस्यन् (vyavasyan) - they resolved, they decided

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of vyavasya

Imperfect Active

Root so (to sharpen, conclude) with upasargas vi and ava. Imperfect tense, 3rd person plural.

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: so (class 4)

प्रायम् (prāyam) - fast unto death, resolve to die

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prāya

prāya - fast unto death, undertaking a vow, resolve to die

From pra-i (to go forth, undertake).

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Object of 'āsitum'.

आसितुम् (āsitum) - to undertake (the fast) (to sit, to undertake)

(infinitive)