वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-54, verse-16

एतावदुक्त्वा वचनं वृद्धानप्यभिवाद्य च ।
संविवेशाङ्गदो भूमौ रुदन्दर्भेषु दुर्मनाः ॥१६॥

16. etāvaduktvā vacanaṃ vṛddhānapyabhivādya ca ,
saṃviveśāṅgado bhūmau rudandarbheṣu durmanāḥ.

16. ētāvat uktvā vacanam vṛddhān api abhivādya ca
samvivēśa aṅgadaḥ bhūmau rudan darbheṣu durmanāḥ

16. Having spoken these words and also saluted the elders, Aṅgada, with a heavy heart, sat down on the ground amidst the darbha (kuśa) grass, weeping.

Words meanings summery:

• एतावत् (ētāvat) - these (words) (so much, so many, this much, these)

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken (having said, having spoken)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - words (word, speech, saying)

• वृद्धान् (vṛddhān) - the elders (elders, old people, grown-ups)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too, and)

• अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having saluted (having saluted, having bowed to)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• सम्विवेश (samvivēśa) - sat down (sat down, took a seat)

• अङ्गदः (aṅgadaḥ) - Aṅgada (Aṅgada (proper name))

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground (on the ground, on the earth)

• रुदन् (rudan) - weeping (weeping, crying (present participle))

• दर्भेषु (darbheṣu) - amidst the darbha (kuśa) grass (on/among darbha grass)

• दुर्मनाः (durmanāḥ) - with a heavy heart, distressed in mind (distressed in mind, sad, dejected)

Words meanings and morphology

एतावत् (ētāvat) - these (words) (so much, so many, this much, these)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ētāvat

ētāvat - so much, so many, this much

Note: Modifies vacanam.

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken (having said, having spoken)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

From √vac (to speak) + ktvā suffix. Root undergoes V-guṇa.

Root: vac (class 2)

वचनम् (vacanam) - words (word, speech, saying)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, saying

From √vac (to speak) + ana suffix.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of uktvā.

वृद्धान् (vṛddhān) - the elders (elders, old people, grown-ups)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, wise

Past Passive Participle

From √vṛdh (to grow) + kta suffix.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Object of abhivādya.

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too, and)

(indeclinable)

अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having saluted (having saluted, having bowed to)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

From abhi-√vad (to speak to, greet) + lyap suffix (used when a prefix is present).

Prefix: abhi

Root: vad (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

सम्विवेश (samvivēśa) - sat down (sat down, took a seat)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of sam-√viś

Perfect active

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, from sam-√viś (to enter, sit down).

Prefix: sam

Root: viś (class 6)

अङ्गदः (aṅgadaḥ) - Aṅgada (Aṅgada (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aṅgada

aṅgada - Aṅgada (son of Vāli)

Note: Subject of samviveśa.

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground (on the ground, on the earth)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land

रुदन् (rudan) - weeping (weeping, crying (present participle))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rudat

rudat - weeping, crying

Present Active Participle

From √rud (to weep) + śatṛ suffix.

Root: rud (class 2)

Note: Agrees with aṅgadaḥ.

दर्भेषु (darbheṣu) - amidst the darbha (kuśa) grass (on/among darbha grass)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of darbha

darbha - sacred grass (Poa cynosuroides), kuśa grass

Root: dṛbh (class 1)

दुर्मनाः (durmanāḥ) - with a heavy heart, distressed in mind (distressed in mind, sad, dejected)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durmanas

durmanas - distressed in mind, sad, dejected

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dur+manas)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
• manas – mind, intellect, heart, spirit
  noun (neuter)
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Agrees with aṅgadaḥ.