वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-45, verse-13

ततः पूर्वमहं गत्वा दक्षिणामहमाश्रितः ।
दिशं च पश्चिमां भूयो गतो ऽस्मि भयशङ्कितः ।
उत्तरां तु दिशं यान्तं हनुमान्मामथाब्रवीत् ॥१३॥

13. tataḥ pūrvamahaṃ gatvā dakṣiṇāmahamāśritaḥ ,
diśaṃ ca paścimāṃ bhūyo gato'smi bhayaśaṅkitaḥ ,
uttarāṃ tu diśaṃ yāntaṃ hanumānmāmathābravīt.

13. tataḥ pūrvam aham gatvā dakṣiṇām aham
āśritaḥ diśam ca paścimām bhūyaḥ
gataḥ asmi bhayaśaṅkitaḥ uttarām tu
diśam yāntam hanumān mām atha abravīt

13. tataḥ aham pūrvam gatvā dakṣiṇām
āśritaḥ ca bhayaśaṅkitaḥ aham bhūyaḥ
paścimām diśam gataḥ asmi tu uttarām
diśam yāntam mām atha hanumān abravīt

13. Then, having first gone eastward, I resorted to the south. And I, feeling apprehensive, went westward again. However, as I was heading towards the northern direction, Hanumān then spoke to me.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from there, thereafter

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - eastward, to the east; before, previously

• अहम् (aham) - I

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

• दक्षिणाम् (dakṣiṇām) - to the southern direction (southern, to the south)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• आश्रितः (āśritaḥ) - resorted to, taken refuge in, dwelled

• दिशम् (diśam) - direction, quarter

• च (ca) - and, also

• पश्चिमाम् (paścimām) - to the western direction (western, to the west)

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further, repeatedly

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone, reached

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• भयशङ्कितः (bhayaśaṅkitaḥ) - fearful, apprehensive

• उत्तराम् (uttarām) - to the northern direction (northern, to the north)

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• दिशम् (diśam) - direction, quarter

• यान्तम् (yāntam) - going, moving

• हनुमान् (hanumān) - Hanuman

• माम् (mām) - me

• अथ (atha) - then, next, now

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from there, thereafter

(indeclinable)

Suffix -tas added to pronoun 'tad'.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - eastward, to the east; before, previously

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial use (accusative singular neuter of pūrva).

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

Note: Subject of the sentence.

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root gam with suffix -tvā.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Indicates prior action.

दक्षिणाम् (dakṣiṇām) - to the southern direction (southern, to the south)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dakṣiṇā

dakṣiṇā - southern, right (direction), south

Note: Modifies implicit `diśam` (direction).

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

Note: Subject for `āśritaḥ` and `gataḥ asmi`.

आश्रितः (āśritaḥ) - resorted to, taken refuge in, dwelled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āśrita

āśrita - resorted to, dependent on, occupying, dwelled in

Past Passive Participle

From root śri (to lean on, resort to) with upasarga ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Refers to `aham`.

दिशम् (diśam) - direction, quarter

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of diś

diś - direction, quarter, region

Note: Object of `gataḥ asmi`.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects two actions/directions.

पश्चिमाम् (paścimām) - to the western direction (western, to the west)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of paścimā

paścimā - western, hindmost, last

Note: Modifies `diśam`.

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial.

गतः (gataḥ) - gone, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, reached, past

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (to go) with suffix -ta.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Forms a compound verb with `asmi` ('I have gone').

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Active Indicative

From root as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Forms a periphrastic perfect with `gataḥ`.

भयशङ्कितः (bhayaśaṅkitaḥ) - fearful, apprehensive

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhayaśaṅkita

bhayaśaṅkita - fearful, apprehensive, struck with fear

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhaya+śaṅkita)

• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• śaṅkita – feared, apprehensive, suspicious
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root śaṅk (to fear, suspect).
  Root: śaṅk (class 1)

Note: Refers to `aham`.

उत्तराम् (uttarām) - to the northern direction (northern, to the north)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of uttarā

uttarā - northern, upper, later, higher, north

Note: Modifies `diśam`.

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates a contrast or shift.

दिशम् (diśam) - direction, quarter

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of diś

diś - direction, quarter, region

Note: Object of movement.

यान्तम् (yāntam) - going, moving

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yānt

yānt - going, moving

Present Active Participle

From root yā (to go) with suffix -at.

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Modifies `mām` (me), indicating the state of the speaker when Hanuman spoke.

हनुमान् (hanumān) - Hanuman

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hanumat

hanumat - Hanuman, the monkey deity

Note: Subject of `abravīt`.

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

Note: Object of `abravīt`.

अथ (atha) - then, next, now

(indeclinable)

Note: Connective particle.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Active Indicative

From root brū (to speak).

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Subject is Hanuman.