वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-45, verse-1

गतेषु वानरेन्द्रेषु रामः सुग्रीवमब्रवीत् ।
कथं भवान् विनाजीते सर्वं वै मण्डलं भुवः ॥१॥

1. gateṣu vānarendreṣu rāmaḥ sugrīvamabravīt ,
kathaṃ bhavān vinājīte sarvaṃ vai maṇḍalaṃ bhuvaḥ.

1. gateṣu vānarandreṣu rāmaḥ sugrīvam abravīt kathaṃ
bhavān vinā ajīte sarvaṃ vai maṇḍalaṃ bhuvaḥ

1. vānarandreṣu gateṣu rāmaḥ sugrīvam abravīt bhavān
kathaṃ vinā ajīte bhuvaḥ sarvaṃ maṇḍalam vai

1. After the chief monkeys had departed, Rama said to Sugrīva, "How is it that you govern the entire domain of the earth (bhuvah mandala) without conquering it?"

Words meanings summery:

• गतेषु (gateṣu) - when gone, having gone, having departed

• वानरन्द्रेषु (vānarandreṣu) - among the chief monkeys, regarding the monkey lords

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

• सुग्रीवम् (sugrīvam) - to Sugrīva

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

• कथं (kathaṁ) - how, in what manner

• भवान् (bhavān) - you (honorific), sir

• विना (vinā) - without, except for

• अजीते (ajīte) - unconquered, undefeated (in the sense of 'without conquering')

• सर्वं (sarvaṁ) - all, whole, entire

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily, surely

• मण्डलं (maṇḍalaṁ) - circle, region, domain, territory

• भुवः (bhuvaḥ) - of the earth

Words meanings and morphology

गतेषु (gateṣu) - when gone, having gone, having departed

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached

Past Passive Participle

Root: gam (class 1)

वानरन्द्रेषु (vānarandreṣu) - among the chief monkeys, regarding the monkey lords

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of vānarandra

vānarandra - chief of monkeys, lord of monkeys

Compound type : tatpurusha (vānara+indra)

• vānara – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, king
  noun (masculine)

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (proper name, avatar of Vishnu)

सुग्रीवम् (sugrīvam) - to Sugrīva

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugrīva (proper name, king of monkeys)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

कथं (kathaṁ) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

भवान् (bhavān) - you (honorific), sir

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you, lord, sir

विना (vinā) - without, except for

(indeclinable)

अजीते (ajīte) - unconquered, undefeated (in the sense of 'without conquering')

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of ajita

ajita - unconquered, undefeated, unsubdued

Past Passive Participle (negative)

formed from 'a' (negation) + 'jita' (PPP of √ji)

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+jita)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• jita – conquered, won, subdued
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root: ji (class 1)

सर्वं (sarvaṁ) - all, whole, entire

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, whole, entire, every

वै (vai) - indeed, verily, surely

(indeclinable)

मण्डलं (maṇḍalaṁ) - circle, region, domain, territory

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of maṇḍala

maṇḍala - circle, disc, region, territory, dominion

भुवः (bhuvaḥ) - of the earth

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, land, ground