वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-28, verse-6

उत्सन्नराज्यसंदेशं कामवृत्तमवस्थितम् ।
निश्चितार्थो ऽर्थतत्त्वज्ञः कालधर्मविशेषवित् ॥६॥

6. utsannarājyasaṃdeśaṃ kāmavṛttamavasthitam ,
niścitārtho'rthatattvajñaḥ kāladharmaviśeṣavit.

6. utsannarājyasaṃdeśam kāmavṛttam avasthitam
niścitārthaḥ arthatattvajñaḥ kāladharmaviśeṣavit

6. (saḥ) utsannarājyasaṃdeśam
kāmavṛttam avasthitam (āsīt); (saḥ
ca) niścitārthaḥ arthatattvajñaḥ
kāladharmaviśeṣavit (āsīt)

6. He had neglected state communications and acted according to his own desires. (But there was) one whose purpose was resolute, who understood the true nature of affairs, and who knew the specific characteristics of time's natural law (dharma)—

Words meanings summery:

• उत्सन्नराज्यसंदेशम् (utsannarājyasaṁdeśam) - one who has neglected royal messages/communications

• कामवृत्तम् (kāmavṛttam) - acting according to one's desires, self-indulgent

• अवस्थितम् (avasthitam) - situated, being, remaining, existing

• निश्चितार्थः (niścitārthaḥ) - one whose purpose is determined/resolved

• अर्थतत्त्वज्ञः (arthatattvajñaḥ) - knower of the true nature of things/purpose

• कालधर्मविशेषवित् (kāladharmaviśeṣavit) - knower of the particular aspects of time's natural law (dharma)

Words meanings and morphology

उत्सन्नराज्यसंदेशम् (utsannarājyasaṁdeśam) - one who has neglected royal messages/communications

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of utsannarājyasaṃdeśa

utsannarājyasaṁdeśa - having neglected royal messages

Bahuvrīhi compound: one whose royal messages have been neglected.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (utsanna+rājyasaṃdeśa)

• utsanna – neglected, lost, destroyed
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root sad with ut prefix
  Prefix: ut
  Root: sad (class 1)
• rājyasaṃdeśa – royal message, state communication
  noun (masculine)
  Tatpurusha compound: message of the kingdom

Note: Describes the implied subject.

कामवृत्तम् (kāmavṛttam) - acting according to one's desires, self-indulgent

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāmavṛtta

kāmavṛtta - acting according to desire, willful, self-indulgent

Tatpurusha compound: conduct according to desire

Compound type : tatpurusha (kāma+vṛtta)

• kāma – desire, wish
  noun (masculine)
• vṛtta – conduct, behavior, occurrence
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (from vṛt)
  Derived from root vṛt 'to be, to exist, to proceed'
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Describes the implied subject.

अवस्थितम् (avasthitam) - situated, being, remaining, existing

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of avasthita

avasthita - situated, placed, existing, remaining

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā with ava prefix

Prefix: ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Describes the implied subject.

निश्चितार्थः (niścitārthaḥ) - one whose purpose is determined/resolved

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niścitārtha

niścitārtha - one whose purpose is certain, resolute

Bahuvrīhi compound: one whose object/purpose (artha) is certain (niścita)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (niścita+artha)

• niścita – determined, certain, resolved
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root ci with ni prefix
  Prefix: ni
  Root: ci (class 5)
• artha – purpose, object, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the subject of the next sentence, likely Hanumān.

अर्थतत्त्वज्ञः (arthatattvajñaḥ) - knower of the true nature of things/purpose

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arthatattvajña

arthatattvajña - knower of the essence of things/purpose

Tatpurusha compound: knower of the truth of purpose

Compound type : tatpurusha (artha+tattva+jña)

• artha – purpose, object, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)
• tattva – truth, reality, essence, principle
  noun (neuter)
• jña – knower, understanding
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root jñā 'to know'
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Refers to the subject of the next sentence, likely Hanumān.

कालधर्मविशेषवित् (kāladharmaviśeṣavit) - knower of the particular aspects of time's natural law (dharma)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāladharmaviśeṣavit

kāladharmaviśeṣavit - knower of the particular characteristics of time's nature/law

Tatpurusha compound: knower of the particulars of the time-dharma

Compound type : tatpurusha (kāla+dharma+viśeṣa+vit)

• kāla – time
  noun (masculine)
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, virtue, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
• viśeṣa – particular, special, distinction
  noun (masculine)
• vit – knower, understanding
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root vid 'to know'
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Refers to the subject of the next sentence, likely Hanumān.

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