वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-28, verse-23

न देवा न च गन्धर्वा नासुरा न मरुद्गणाः ।
न च यक्षा भयं तस्य कुर्युः किमुत राक्षसाः ॥२३॥

23. na devā na ca gandharvā nāsurā na marudgaṇāḥ ,
na ca yakṣā bhayaṃ tasya kuryuḥ kimuta rākṣasāḥ.

23. na devāḥ na ca gandharvāḥ na asurāḥ na marudgaṇāḥ
na ca yakṣāḥ bhayam tasya kuryuḥ kim uta rākṣasāḥ

23. devāḥ na ca gandharvāḥ na asurāḥ na marudgaṇāḥ ca
yakṣāḥ na tasya bhayam kuryuḥ kim uta rākṣasāḥ

23. Neither the gods, nor the Gandharvas, nor the Asuras, nor the hosts of Maruts, nor the Yakṣas would be able to cause him any fear; what then to speak of the Rākṣasas?

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - neither (not, no, nor)

• देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods (gods, deities)

• न (na) - nor (not, no, nor)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• गन्धर्वाः (gandharvāḥ) - the Gandharvas (Gandharvas (celestial musicians))

• न (na) - nor (not, no, nor)

• असुराः (asurāḥ) - the Asuras (Asuras, demons)

• न (na) - nor (not, no, nor)

• मरुद्गणाः (marudgaṇāḥ) - the hosts of Maruts (hosts of Maruts, groups of wind deities)

• न (na) - nor (not, no, nor)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• यक्षाः (yakṣāḥ) - the Yakṣas (Yakṣas (a class of benevolent nature-spirits))

• भयम् (bhayam) - any fear (fear, terror)

• तस्य (tasya) - to him (Rāma) (his, of him, to him)

• कुर्युः (kuryuḥ) - would be able to cause (they would do, they would make, they would cause)

• किम् उत (kim uta) - what then to speak of (how much more, how much less, what to say of)

• राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - the Rākṣasas (Rākṣasas (demons))

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - neither (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used repeatedly for negation.

देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods (gods, deities)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

Note: Subject in negative clauses.

न (na) - nor (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects lists of beings.

गन्धर्वाः (gandharvāḥ) - the Gandharvas (Gandharvas (celestial musicians))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gandharva

gandharva - celestial musician, a class of demi-gods

Note: Subject in negative clauses.

न (na) - nor (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

असुराः (asurāḥ) - the Asuras (Asuras, demons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of asura

asura - demon, anti-god

Note: Subject in negative clauses.

न (na) - nor (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

मरुद्गणाः (marudgaṇāḥ) - the hosts of Maruts (hosts of Maruts, groups of wind deities)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of marudgaṇa

marudgaṇa - host of Maruts (wind gods), group of wind deities

Compound type : tatpurusha (marut+gaṇa)

• marut – wind god, a Marut
  noun (masculine)
• gaṇa – host, troop, group, multitude
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject in negative clauses.

न (na) - nor (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects lists of beings.

यक्षाः (yakṣāḥ) - the Yakṣas (Yakṣas (a class of benevolent nature-spirits))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yakṣa

yakṣa - a class of supernatural beings, often guardians of treasures

Note: Subject in negative clauses.

भयम् (bhayam) - any fear (fear, terror)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, terror, dread, apprehension

Note: Object of 'kuryuḥ'.

तस्य (tasya) - to him (Rāma) (his, of him, to him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rāma, here used in a dative sense ('to him').

कुर्युः (kuryuḥ) - would be able to cause (they would do, they would make, they would cause)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of kṛ

Root √kṛ (class 8).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Expresses potential or possibility.

किम् उत (kim uta) - what then to speak of (how much more, how much less, what to say of)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to introduce an even weaker or stronger case.

राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - the Rākṣasas (Rākṣasas (demons))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - a demon, an evil being

Note: Subject implied, in contrast to the previous list.

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