वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-55, verse-3

स तस्य स्वरमाज्ञाय दारुणं रोमहर्षणम् ।
चिन्तयामास गोमायोः स्वरेण परिशङ्कितः ॥३॥

3. sa tasya svaramājñāya dāruṇaṃ romaharṣaṇam ,
cintayāmāsa gomāyoḥ svareṇa pariśaṅkitaḥ.

3. saḥ tasya svaram ājñāya dāruṇam romaharṣaṇam
cintayāmāsa gomāyoḥ svareṇa pariśaṅkitaḥ

3. saḥ tasya dāruṇam romaharṣaṇam svaram ājñāya
gomāyoḥ svareṇa pariśaṅkitaḥ cintayāmāsa

3. Recognizing that terrible, hair-raising cry, he became apprehensive because of the jackal's sound and began to ponder.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Rama (he, that)

• तस्य (tasya) - of the jackal (gomāyuḥ) (its, of it)

• स्वरम् (svaram) - the cry of the jackal (sound, cry, voice)

• आज्ञाय (ājñāya) - having recognized (the cry) (having known, having recognized, having understood)

• दारुणम् (dāruṇam) - terrible (sound) (terrible, dreadful, cruel)

• रोमहर्षणम् (romaharṣaṇam) - hair-raising (sound) (causing hair to stand on end, hair-raising, horrifying)

• चिन्तयामास (cintayāmāsa) - Rama pondered (he thought, he pondered)

• गोमायोः (gomāyoḥ) - of the jackal, from the jackal

• स्वरेण (svareṇa) - by the jackal's sound (by the sound, by the voice)

• परिशङ्कितः (pariśaṅkitaḥ) - apprehensive (Rama) (apprehensive, alarmed, suspicious)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Rama (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to Rama.

तस्य (tasya) - of the jackal (gomāyuḥ) (its, of it)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the jackal's cry.

स्वरम् (svaram) - the cry of the jackal (sound, cry, voice)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svara

svara - sound, voice, tone, cry

Note: Object of 'ājñāya'.

आज्ञाय (ājñāya) - having recognized (the cry) (having known, having recognized, having understood)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Derived from root jñā (to know) with upasarga ā and -ya suffix

Prefix: ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

दारुणम् (dāruṇam) - terrible (sound) (terrible, dreadful, cruel)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dāruṇa

dāruṇa - terrible, dreadful, cruel, harsh

Note: Agrees with 'svaram'.

रोमहर्षणम् (romaharṣaṇam) - hair-raising (sound) (causing hair to stand on end, hair-raising, horrifying)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of romaharṣaṇa

romaharṣaṇa - causing hair to stand on end, thrilling, horrifying

Compound: 'roman' (hair) + 'harṣaṇa' (causing to stand erect, thrilling)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (roman+harṣaṇa)

• roman – hair (of the body)
  noun (neuter)
• harṣaṇa – causing to stand erect, thrilling, exciting
  adjective (neuter)
  causative derivative
  Derived from root hṛṣ 'to stand erect, to thrill'
  Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'svaram'.

चिन्तयामास (cintayāmāsa) - Rama pondered (he thought, he pondered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of cint

Periphrastic perfect active voice 3rd person singular, formed from the root cint (denominative from cintā)

Root: cint (class 10)

गोमायोः (gomāyoḥ) - of the jackal, from the jackal

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of gomāyu

gomāyu - jackal; cowherd

Note: Also could be ablative 'from the jackal'.

स्वरेण (svareṇa) - by the jackal's sound (by the sound, by the voice)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of svara

svara - sound, voice, tone, cry

परिशङ्कितः (pariśaṅkitaḥ) - apprehensive (Rama) (apprehensive, alarmed, suspicious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pariśaṅkita

pariśaṅkita - apprehensive, alarmed, suspicious, doubted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śaṅk (to doubt, fear) with upasarga pari and kta suffix

Prefix: pari

Root: śaṅk (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ' (Rama).