वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-55, verse-11

तं दीनमानसं दीनमासेदुर्मृगपक्षिणः ।
सव्यं कृत्वा महात्मानं घोरांश्च ससृजुः स्वरान् ॥११॥

11. taṃ dīnamānasaṃ dīnamāsedurmṛgapakṣiṇaḥ ,
savyaṃ kṛtvā mahātmānaṃ ghorāṃśca sasṛjuḥ svarān.

11. tam dīnamānasam dīnam āseduḥ mṛgapakṣiṇaḥ |
savyam kṛtvā mahātmānam ghorān ca sasṛjuḥ svarān

11. mṛgapakṣiṇaḥ tam dīnamānasam dīnam āseduḥ
mahātmānam savyam kṛtvā ca ghorān svarān sasṛjuḥ

11. Distressed deer and birds approached him, who was himself dejected in mind and distressed. Keeping that great soul (Rāma) to their left, they emitted dreadful cries.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - referring to Rāma (him, that (masculine singular accusative))

• दीनमानसम् (dīnamānasam) - dejected in mind, distressed in spirit

• दीनम् (dīnam) - distressed (referring to Rāma) (distressed, miserable, wretched)

• आसेदुः (āseduḥ) - they approached, they came near

• मृगपक्षिणः (mṛgapakṣiṇaḥ) - deer and birds, wild animals and birds

• सव्यम् (savyam) - to their left (an inauspicious sign if an omen passes on the left) (left, on the left side)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having kept (Rāma) to their left (having made, having done, having placed)

• महात्मानम् (mahātmānam) - Rāma (the great soul) (the great soul, the noble one)

• घोरान् (ghorān) - dreadful, terrible, fierce

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• ससृजुः (sasṛjuḥ) - they uttered (cries) (they emitted, they created, they uttered)

• स्वरान् (svarān) - dreadful cries or noises (sounds, cries, voices)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - referring to Rāma (him, that (masculine singular accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'āseduḥ'.

दीनमानसम् (dīnamānasam) - dejected in mind, distressed in spirit

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dīnamānasa

dīnamānasa - dejected in mind, distressed in spirit

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dīna+mānasa)

• dīna – distressed, dejected, miserable, wretched
  adjective (masculine)
• mānasa – mind, heart, intellect
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'tam'.

दीनम् (dīnam) - distressed (referring to Rāma) (distressed, miserable, wretched)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - distressed, dejected, miserable, wretched

Note: Agrees with 'tam'.

आसेदुः (āseduḥ) - they approached, they came near

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of sad

Perfect Tense

Root 'sad' with prefix 'ā', Parasmaipada, 3rd person plural, Perfect tense, active voice

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

मृगपक्षिणः (mṛgapakṣiṇaḥ) - deer and birds, wild animals and birds

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mṛgapakṣin

mṛgapakṣin - deer and bird

Compound type : dvandva (mṛga+pakṣin)

• mṛga – deer, wild animal
  noun (masculine)
• pakṣin – bird, winged creature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'āseduḥ' and 'sasṛjuḥ'.

सव्यम् (savyam) - to their left (an inauspicious sign if an omen passes on the left) (left, on the left side)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of savya

savya - left, left hand, left side

Note: Used adverbially here.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having kept (Rāma) to their left (having made, having done, having placed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do, make) with suffix -tvā

Root: kṛ (class 8)

महात्मानम् (mahātmānam) - Rāma (the great soul) (the great soul, the noble one)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great soul, noble-minded, exalted being

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, mind
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'kṛtvā'.

घोरान् (ghorān) - dreadful, terrible, fierce

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ghora

ghora - dreadful, terrible, fierce, awful, formidable

Note: Agrees with 'svarān'.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two actions of the animals.

ससृजुः (sasṛjuḥ) - they uttered (cries) (they emitted, they created, they uttered)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of sṛj

Perfect Tense

Root 'sṛj', Parasmaipada, 3rd person plural, Perfect tense, active voice

Root: sṛj (class 6)

स्वरान् (svarān) - dreadful cries or noises (sounds, cries, voices)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of svara

svara - sound, noise, voice, tone

Note: Object of 'sasṛjuḥ'.

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