वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-55, verse-2

तस्य संत्वरमाणस्य द्रष्टुकामस्य मैथिलीम् ।
क्रूरस्वरो ऽथ गोमायुर्विननादास्य पृष्ठतः ॥२॥

2. tasya saṃtvaramāṇasya draṣṭukāmasya maithilīm ,
krūrasvaro'tha gomāyurvinanādāsya pṛṣṭhataḥ.

2. tasya saṃtvaramāṇasya draṣṭukāmasya maithilīm
krūrasvaraḥ atha gomāyuḥ vinanāda asya pṛṣṭhataḥ

2. atha krūrasvaraḥ gomāyuḥ tasya saṃtvaramāṇasya
maithilīm draṣṭukāmasya asya pṛṣṭhataḥ vinanāda

2. As he was hurrying, eager to see Maithili (Sita), then a jackal with a harsh cry howled from behind him.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of Rama (of him, his)

• संत्वरमाणस्य (saṁtvaramāṇasya) - of Rama who was hurrying (of the one hurrying, of the one hastening)

• द्रष्टुकामस्य (draṣṭukāmasya) - of Rama, wishing to see Sita (of the one desirous to see, of the one wishing to see)

• मैथिलीम् (maithilīm) - Sita, daughter of the king of Mithila (Maithili (Sita))

• क्रूरस्वरः (krūrasvaraḥ) - the jackal with a harsh cry (harsh-voiced, having a fierce sound)

• अथ (atha) - then (indicating sequence) (then, now, moreover)

• गोमायुः (gomāyuḥ) - jackal

• विननाद (vinanāda) - the jackal howled (he cried out, roared, howled)

• अस्य (asya) - of Rama (of him, his)

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind Rama (from behind, in the rear)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of Rama (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to Rama.

संत्वरमाणस्य (saṁtvaramāṇasya) - of Rama who was hurrying (of the one hurrying, of the one hastening)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of saṃtvaramāṇa

saṁtvaramāṇa - hurrying, hastening

present middle participle

Derived from root tvar with upasarga sam and śānac suffix

Prefix: sam

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tasya' (Rama).

द्रष्टुकामस्य (draṣṭukāmasya) - of Rama, wishing to see Sita (of the one desirous to see, of the one wishing to see)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of draṣṭukāma

draṣṭukāma - desirous of seeing, wishing to see

Compound: 'draṣṭu' (infinitive of dṛś) + 'kāma' (desire/wishing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (draṣṭu+kāma)

• draṣṭu – to see, for seeing
  indeclinable
  infinitive
  Infinitive form of root dṛś
  Root: dṛś (class 1)
• kāma – desire, wish, longing
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tasya' (Rama).

मैथिलीम् (maithilīm) - Sita, daughter of the king of Mithila (Maithili (Sita))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of maithilī

maithilī - Maithili, daughter of the king of Mithila (an epithet of Sita)

Derived from Mithilā (city) + -ī suffix for female descendant

Note: Object of 'draṣṭukāmasya'.

क्रूरस्वरः (krūrasvaraḥ) - the jackal with a harsh cry (harsh-voiced, having a fierce sound)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of krūrasvara

krūrasvara - harsh-voiced, having a fierce cry

Compound: 'krūra' (cruel/harsh) + 'svara' (sound/voice)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (krūra+svara)

• krūra – cruel, fierce, harsh, dreadful
  adjective
• svara – sound, voice, tone
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'gomāyuḥ'.

अथ (atha) - then (indicating sequence) (then, now, moreover)

(indeclinable)

गोमायुः (gomāyuḥ) - jackal

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gomāyu

gomāyu - jackal; cowherd

विननाद (vinanāda) - the jackal howled (he cried out, roared, howled)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of nad

Perfect active voice 3rd person singular with upasarga vi (meaning 'asunder, apart, intensively')

Prefix: vi

Root: nad (class 1)

अस्य (asya) - of Rama (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to Rama.

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind Rama (from behind, in the rear)

(indeclinable)

Ablative suffix -tas added to pṛṣṭha (back)

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