वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-55, verse-15

गृहीत्वा च करं सव्यं लक्ष्मणं रघुनन्दनः ।
उवाच मधुरोदर्कमिदं परुषमार्तवत् ॥१५॥

15. gṛhītvā ca karaṃ savyaṃ lakṣmaṇaṃ raghunandanaḥ ,
uvāca madhurodarkamidaṃ paruṣamārtavat.

15. gṛhītvā ca karam savyam lakṣmaṇam raghunandanaḥ
uvāca madhurodarkam idam paruṣam ārtavat

15. ca raghunandanaḥ lakṣmaṇam savyam karam gṛhītvā
ārtavat paruṣam madhurodarkam idam uvāca

15. And grasping Lakshmana's left hand, Rama (the delight of the Raghu dynasty) spoke these harsh words, which were like those of a distressed person, yet destined to have a sweet outcome.

Words meanings summery:

• गृहीत्वा (gṛhītvā) - having taken, having grasped

• च (ca) - and, also

• करम् (karam) - hand

• सव्यम् (savyam) - left (hand)

• लक्ष्मणम् (lakṣmaṇam) - Lakshmana

• रघुनन्दनः (raghunandanaḥ) - epithet for Rama (Rama, delight of Raghu's race)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• मधुरोदर्कम् (madhurodarkam) - referring to the speech's ultimate effect (having a sweet outcome/consequence)

• इदम् (idam) - this statement or speech (this (speech))

• परुषम् (paruṣam) - referring to the tone or content of the words (harsh, severe, cruel)

• आर्तवत् (ārtavat) - Rama spoke as if distressed himself (like one distressed, like a suffering person)

Words meanings and morphology

गृहीत्वा (gṛhītvā) - having taken, having grasped

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from root grah (to seize) + ktvā (absolutive suffix)

Root: grah (class 9)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

करम् (karam) - hand

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kara

kara - hand; ray of light; tribute

सव्यम् (savyam) - left (hand)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of savya

savya - left, left hand; auspicious

Note: modifies karam

लक्ष्मणम् (lakṣmaṇam) - Lakshmana

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakshmana (a proper name); having auspicious marks

रघुनन्दनः (raghunandanaḥ) - epithet for Rama (Rama, delight of Raghu's race)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of raghunandana

raghunandana - delight of Raghu, descendant of Raghu (an epithet for Rama)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (raghu+nandana)

• raghu – Raghu (a king, ancestor of Rama)
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – delight, son, pleasing
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nand (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

मधुरोदर्कम् (madhurodarkam) - referring to the speech's ultimate effect (having a sweet outcome/consequence)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of madhurodarka

madhurodarka - having a sweet or pleasant outcome; whose end is sweet

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (madhura+udarka)

• madhura – sweet, pleasant, charming
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• udarka – outcome, consequence, result, future
  noun (masculine)

Note: modifies idam

इदम् (idam) - this statement or speech (this (speech))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

परुषम् (paruṣam) - referring to the tone or content of the words (harsh, severe, cruel)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, severe, unkind

Note: modifies idam

आर्तवत् (ārtavat) - Rama spoke as if distressed himself (like one distressed, like a suffering person)

(indeclinable)

formed with the suffix -vat (like, as) from ārta (distressed), used adverbially

Note: adverbial, modifying uvāca

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