वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-20, verse-4

किमेतच्छ्रोतुमिच्छामि कारणं यत्कृते पुनः ।
हा नाथेति विनर्दन्ती सर्पवद्वेष्टसे क्षितौ ॥४॥

4. kimetacchrotumicchāmi kāraṇaṃ yatkṛte punaḥ ,
hā nātheti vinardantī sarpavadveṣṭase kṣitau.

4. kim etat śrotum icchāmi kāraṇam yatkṛte punaḥ
hā nātha iti vinardantī sarpavat veṣṭase kṣitau

4. etat kim kāraṇam yatkṛte punaḥ śrotum icchāmi? hā nātha iti vinardantī (tvam) sarpavat kṣitau veṣṭase.

4. What is this reason for which you are crying out 'Oh Master!' again, writhing on the ground like a snake? I want to hear it.

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what (what, why)

• एतत् (etat) - this (this, this one)

• श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear (to hear, in order to hear)

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I want (I wish, I desire, I want)

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - reason (cause, reason, motive)

• यत्कृते (yatkṛte) - for which (for which, on account of which)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, furthermore)

• हा (hā) - Oh! (interjection of distress) (alas! ah! oh!)

• नाथ (nātha) - Master (master, lord, protector)

• इति (iti) - saying (thus, so saying)

• विनर्दन्ती (vinardantī) - crying out (crying aloud, roaring, wailing)

• सर्पवत् (sarpavat) - like a snake (like a snake, serpent-like)

• वेष्टसे (veṣṭase) - you writhe (you roll, you writhe, you wrap)

• क्षितौ (kṣitau) - on the ground (on the earth, on the ground)

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what (what, why)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

Interrogative pronoun

Note: Predicate nominative for `etat kāraṇam`.

एतत् (etat) - this (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Subject of the implicit verb 'is'.

श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear (to hear, in order to hear)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From root śru 'to hear' with suffix -tum

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Object of `icchāmi`.

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I want (I wish, I desire, I want)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (lat) of iṣ

Present tense

1st person singular active

Root: iṣ (class 6)

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - reason (cause, reason, motive)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, instrument, motive

Derived from root kṛ 'to do'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Refers to the reason for Śūrpaṇakhā's state.

यत्कृते (yatkṛte) - for which (for which, on account of which)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial usage of 'yat' (relative pronoun) and 'kṛte' (postposition)

Note: Specifies the reason.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, furthermore)

(indeclinable)

हा (hā) - Oh! (interjection of distress) (alas! ah! oh!)

(indeclinable)

नाथ (nātha) - Master (master, lord, protector)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nātha

nātha - lord, master, protector, husband

From root nāth 'to seek refuge, ask'

Root: nāth (class 1)

इति (iti) - saying (thus, so saying)

(indeclinable)

Note: Concludes the quoted speech "hā nātha".

विनर्दन्ती (vinardantī) - crying out (crying aloud, roaring, wailing)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vinardant

vinardant - roaring, crying out, wailing

Present Active Participle

From root nard 'to roar' with upasarga vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: nard (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject 'tvam' (you, Śūrpaṇakhā).

सर्पवत् (sarpavat) - like a snake (like a snake, serpent-like)

(indeclinable)

Formed with suffix -vat 'like', from sarpa 'snake'

Root: sṛp (class 1)

Note: Modifies `veṣṭase`.

वेष्टसे (veṣṭase) - you writhe (you roll, you writhe, you wrap)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of veṣṭ

Present tense

2nd person singular middle

Root: veṣṭ (class 1)

क्षितौ (kṣitau) - on the ground (on the earth, on the ground)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of kṣiti

kṣiti - earth, ground, habitation

From root kṣi 'to dwell'

Root: kṣi (class 6)

Note: Location of the action.

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