वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-99, verse-12

पुं नाम्ना नरकाद् यस्मात् पितरं त्रायते सुतः ।
तस्मात् पुत्र इति प्रोक्तः पितॄन्यत् पाति वा सुतः ॥१२॥

12. puṃ nāmnā narakād yasmāt pitaraṃ trāyate sutaḥ ,
tasmāt putra iti proktaḥ pitṝnyat pāti vā sutaḥ.

12. pum nāmnā narakāt yasmāt pitaraṃ trāyate sutaḥ
tasmāt putra iti proktaḥ pitṝn yat pāti vā sutaḥ

12. yasmāt sutaḥ pum nāmnā narakāt pitaraṃ trāyate,
tasmāt saḥ putra iti proktaḥ vā yat sutaḥ pitṝn pāti

12. Because a son (suta) saves his father (pitṛ) from the hell (naraka) named 'Put', therefore he is called 'putra'. Alternatively, it is because a son protects his ancestors (pitṛ).

Words meanings summery:

• पुम् (pum) - Put (name of a hell)

• नाम्ना (nāmnā) - by name, by the name

• नरकात् (narakāt) - from the hell (naraka) named 'Put' (from hell, from a place of torment)

• यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because of which, from which, since

• पितरं (pitaraṁ) - father, ancestor

• त्रायते (trāyate) - saves, protects, delivers

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - son, offspring

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

• पुत्र (putra) - son, child

• इति (iti) - introduces a definition or quotation (thus, so, in this way)

• प्रोक्तः (proktaḥ) - said, declared, proclaimed, called

• पितॄन् (pitṝn) - ancestors, fathers

• यत् (yat) - because, what, which

• पाति (pāti) - protects, guards, preserves, rules

• वा (vā) - or, either

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - son, offspring

Words meanings and morphology

पुम् (pum) - Put (name of a hell)

(proper noun)

masculine, singular of put

put - Put (name of a hell from which a son delivers his father)

Note: Used in apposition to Naraka, or as a name with Nāmna

नाम्ना (nāmnā) - by name, by the name

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of nāman

nāman - name, appellation

नरकात् (narakāt) - from the hell (naraka) named 'Put' (from hell, from a place of torment)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of naraka

naraka - hell, a place of torment, a subterranean abode

यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because of which, from which, since

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Functions adverbially as 'because'

पितरं (pitaraṁ) - father, ancestor

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

त्रायते (trāyate) - saves, protects, delivers

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of trā

Root: trā (class 2)

सुतः (sutaḥ) - son, offspring

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, offspring; begotten, born

Root: sū

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Functions adverbially as 'therefore'

पुत्र (putra) - son, child

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child, offspring, descendant

Note: Used predicatively with 'iti'

इति (iti) - introduces a definition or quotation (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)

प्रोक्तः (proktaḥ) - said, declared, proclaimed, called

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prokta

prokta - said, declared, proclaimed, spoken; famous

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vac (to speak) with prefix pra + kta suffix (vac becomes ukta)

Prefix: pra

Root: vac

पितॄन् (pitṝn) - ancestors, fathers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

यत् (yat) - because, what, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Functions adverbially as 'because'

पाति (pāti) - protects, guards, preserves, rules

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pā

Root: pā (class 2)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

सुतः (sutaḥ) - son, offspring

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, offspring; begotten, born

Root: sū