वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-79, verse-16

रामचिन्तामयः शोको भरतस्य महात्मनः ।
उपस्थितो ह्यनर्हस्य धर्मप्रेक्षस्य तादृशः ॥१६॥

16. rāmacintāmayaḥ śoko bharatasya mahātmanaḥ ,
upasthito hyanarhasya dharmaprekṣasya tādṛśaḥ.

16. rāmacintāmayaḥ śokaḥ bharatasya mahātmanaḥ
upasthitaḥ hi anarhasya dharmaprekṣasya tādṛśaḥ

16. hi tādṛśaḥ rāmacintāmayaḥ śokaḥ anarhasya
dharmaprekṣasya mahātmanaḥ bharatasya upasthitaḥ

16. Indeed, such profound sorrow (śoka), characterized by thoughts of Rama, afflicted the great-souled (mahātman) Bharata, who was undeserving of it and upheld his natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• रामचिन्तामयः (rāmacintāmayaḥ) - full of thoughts of Rama, consisting of worry for Rama

• शोकः (śokaḥ) - grief, sorrow, lamentation

• भरतस्य (bharatasya) - of Bharata

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled, of the noble

• उपस्थितः (upasthitaḥ) - arose, afflicted (present, at hand, appeared, arose)

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• अनर्हस्य (anarhasya) - of Bharata, who was undeserving of such grief (of the undeserving, of him who is not worthy)

• धर्मप्रेक्षस्य (dharmaprekṣasya) - of Bharata, who always observed his natural law (dharma) (of him who observes duty (dharma), of him who regards (natural) law (dharma))

• तादृशः (tādṛśaḥ) - such, of that kind

Words meanings and morphology

रामचिन्तामयः (rāmacintāmayaḥ) - full of thoughts of Rama, consisting of worry for Rama

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāmacintāmaya

rāmacintāmaya - consisting of thoughts of Rama, filled with concern for Rama

Compound ending in -maya (consisting of, full of)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rāma+cintā+maya)

• rāma – Rama (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• cintā – thought, concern, worry, reflection
  noun (feminine)
  From root cit (to perceive, think)
  Root: cit (class 1)
• maya – consisting of, made of, full of (suffix)
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix indicating material or abundance

Note: Qualifies śokaḥ

शोकः (śokaḥ) - grief, sorrow, lamentation

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - grief, sorrow, lamentation, anguish

From root śuc (to mourn, grieve)

Root: śuc (class 1)

भरतस्य (bharatasya) - of Bharata

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (proper name, Rama's brother)

Note: Possessor of the grief

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled, of the noble

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous, possessing a great self (ātman)

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual self, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Bharatasya

उपस्थितः (upasthitaḥ) - arose, afflicted (present, at hand, appeared, arose)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upasthita

upasthita - present, at hand, approached, appeared, stood by

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root sthā with prefix upa

Prefix: upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate to śokaḥ

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle

अनर्हस्य (anarhasya) - of Bharata, who was undeserving of such grief (of the undeserving, of him who is not worthy)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of anarha

anarha - unworthy, undeserving, unfit

Negative compound (nañ-tatpuruṣa)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+arha)

• a – not, non- (prefix)
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• arha – worthy, deserving, fit
  adjective (masculine)
  From root arh (to deserve, be worthy)
  Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Bharatasya

धर्मप्रेक्षस्य (dharmaprekṣasya) - of Bharata, who always observed his natural law (dharma) (of him who observes duty (dharma), of him who regards (natural) law (dharma))

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharmaprekṣa

dharmaprekṣa - regarding (natural) law (dharma), observing duty (dharma)

Compound (Tatpuruṣa as 'regarder of dharma')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+prekṣa)

• dharma – natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, constitution
  noun (masculine)
• prekṣa – seeing, regarding, observing
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/derivative
  From root īkṣ (to see) with prefix pra
  Prefix: pra
  Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Bharatasya

तादृशः (tādṛśaḥ) - such, of that kind

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tādṛśa

tādṛśa - such, like that, of that kind

Derived from tad (that) and dṛś (to see)

Note: Qualifies śokaḥ