वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-21, verse-5

त्वया विहीनामिह मां शोकाग्निरतुलो महान् ।
प्रधक्ष्यति यथा कक्षं चित्रभानुर्हिमात्यये ॥५॥

5. tvayā vihīnāmiha māṃ śokāgniratulo mahān ,
pradhakṣyati yathā kakṣaṃ citrabhānurhimātyaye.

5. tvayā vihīnām iha mām śokāgniḥ atulaḥ mahān
pradhakṣyati yathā kakṣam citrabhānuḥ himātyaye

5. iha tvayā vihīnām mām atulaḥ mahān śokāgniḥ pradhakṣyati,
yathā citrabhānuḥ himātyaye kakṣam (dahati)

5. Here, separated from you, an immense, incomparable fire of grief will consume me, just as a roaring fire (citrabhānu) burns dry grass at the end of winter.

Words meanings summery:

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you (meaning 'because of separation from you') (by you, with you)

• विहीनाम् (vihīnām) - separated from (you, Rāma) (separated, devoid of, abandoned)

• इह (iha) - here (in this life or current situation) (here, in this world, now)

• माम् (mām) - me (referring to Kausalyā, the speaker) (me)

• शोकाग्निः (śokāgniḥ) - a metaphorical 'fire of grief' (fire of grief)

• अतुलः (atulaḥ) - incomparable (referring to the intensity of the grief) (incomparable, unequalled, peerless)

• महान् (mahān) - great, immense (further emphasizing the intensity of grief) (great, large, mighty)

• प्रधक्ष्यति (pradhakṣyati) - will consume (me entirely with grief) (he will burn completely, will consume, will destroy)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (introduces a comparison) (as, just as, in which manner)

• कक्षम् (kakṣam) - dry grass (which is easily flammable) (dry grass, thicket, jungle)

• चित्रभानुः (citrabhānuḥ) - fire (specifically a roaring, brightly burning fire) (fire, having bright rays, sun)

• हिमात्यये (himātyaye) - at the end of winter (when dry grass is most prone to fire) (at the end of winter/snow)

Words meanings and morphology

त्वया (tvayā) - by you (meaning 'because of separation from you') (by you, with you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuşmad

yuşmad - you (singular, second person pronoun)

Second person pronoun, singular instrumental.

Note: Indicates the agent or cause of separation from 'mām'.

विहीनाम् (vihīnām) - separated from (you, Rāma) (separated, devoid of, abandoned)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vihīna

vihīna - separated, abandoned, devoid of, wanting, destitute

Past Passive Participle

Formed from the prefix 'vi-' and the root 'hā' (to leave, abandon).

Prefix: vi

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'mām' (me), indicating Kausalyā's state.

इह (iha) - here (in this life or current situation) (here, in this world, now)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place/time.

माम् (mām) - me (referring to Kausalyā, the speaker) (me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (first person pronoun)

First person pronoun, singular accusative.

Note: Object of the verb 'pradhakṣyati'.

शोकाग्निः (śokāgniḥ) - a metaphorical 'fire of grief' (fire of grief)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śokāgni

śokāgni - fire of grief, sorrow-fire

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+agni)

• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation, anguish
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from the root 'śuc' (to grieve, lament).
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• agni – fire, the god Agni
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ag

Note: Subject of 'pradhakṣyati'.

अतुलः (atulaḥ) - incomparable (referring to the intensity of the grief) (incomparable, unequalled, peerless)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atula

atula - incomparable, unequalled, peerless, matchless

Formed from the negation particle 'a-' and 'tulā' (balance, comparison).

महान् (mahān) - great, immense (further emphasizing the intensity of grief) (great, large, mighty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, extensive, important

Adjective with irregular declension.

Note: Qualifies 'śokāgniḥ'.

प्रधक्ष्यति (pradhakṣyati) - will consume (me entirely with grief) (he will burn completely, will consume, will destroy)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of pra-dah

Root 'dah' (class 1) with the prefix 'pra-' (intensifying the action of burning).

Prefix: pra

Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'śokāgniḥ', object is 'mām'.

यथा (yathā) - just as (introduces a comparison) (as, just as, in which manner)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of manner, used to introduce a simile.

कक्षम् (kakṣam) - dry grass (which is easily flammable) (dry grass, thicket, jungle)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kakṣa

kakṣa - dry grass, thicket, jungle, armpit, side

Note: Object of the implied verb of burning in the simile.

चित्रभानुः (citrabhānuḥ) - fire (specifically a roaring, brightly burning fire) (fire, having bright rays, sun)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of citrabhānu

citrabhānu - fire, sun, having bright rays/flames, variegated light

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (citra+bhānu)

• citra – bright, clear, distinct, variegated, wonderful
  adjective (neuter)
  Derived from the root 'cit' (to perceive, observe).
  Root: cit (class 1)
• bhānu – light, ray, flame, sun, lustre
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from the root 'bhā' (to shine).
  Root: bhā (class 2)

Note: Subject of the implied verb of burning in the simile.

हिमात्यये (himātyaye) - at the end of winter (when dry grass is most prone to fire) (at the end of winter/snow)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of himātyaya

himātyaya - end of winter, end of snow, termination of cold season

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hima+atyaya)

• hima – snow, frost, cold, winter
  noun (masculine)
• atyaya – end, passing away, lapse, transgression
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from the prefix 'ati-' and the root 'i' (to go).
  Prefix: ati
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Indicates the time of the comparison.

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