वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-21, verse-3

यस्य भृत्याश्च दासाश्च मृष्टान्यन्नानि भुञ्जते ।
कथं स भोक्ष्यते नाथो वने मूलफलान्ययम् ॥३॥

3. yasya bhṛtyāśca dāsāśca mṛṣṭānyannāni bhuñjate ,
kathaṃ sa bhokṣyate nātho vane mūlaphalānyayam.

3. yasya bhṛtyāḥ ca dāsāḥ ca mṛṣṭāni annāni bhuñjate
katham saḥ bhokṣyate nāthaḥ vane mūlaphalāni ayam

3. yasya bhṛtyāḥ ca dāsāḥ ca mṛṣṭāni annāni bhuñjate,
ayam saḥ nāthaḥ katham vane mūlaphalāni bhokṣyate

3. How will this lord (nātha), whose servants and slaves partake of delicious meals, eat roots and fruits in the forest?

Words meanings summery:

• यस्य (yasya) - whose (referring to Rāma, indicating possession over servants and slaves) (whose, of which)

• भृत्याः (bhṛtyāḥ) - servants (servants, hired laborers, dependents)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• दासाः (dāsāḥ) - slaves or personal attendants (slaves, servants, attendants)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• मृष्टानि (mṛṣṭāni) - delicious (foods) (refined, delicious, savory, clean)

• अन्नानि (annāni) - meals (rich and delicious) (foods, meals, grains)

• भुञ्जते (bhuñjate) - they eat (delicious meals) (they eat, they enjoy, they partake)

• कथम् (katham) - how (an interrogative adverb expressing disbelief) (how, in what manner, why)

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Rāma, emphasizing his status) (he, that)

• भोक्ष्यते (bhokṣyate) - he will eat (subsist on, in the forest) (he will eat, he will enjoy, he will partake)

• नाथः (nāthaḥ) - lord, master (referring to Rāma, highlighting his princely status) (lord, protector, master, husband)

• वने (vane) - in the forest (referring to his exile) (in the forest, in a grove)

• मूलफलानि (mūlaphalāni) - roots and fruits (the simple, wild food of hermits) (roots and fruits)

• अयम् (ayam) - this one (referring to Rāma, emphasizing immediacy or presence) (this, this one)

Words meanings and morphology

यस्य (yasya) - whose (referring to Rāma, indicating possession over servants and slaves) (whose, of which)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yat

yat - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Relative pronoun, masculine singular genitive.

Note: Introduces the relative clause.

भृत्याः (bhṛtyāḥ) - servants (servants, hired laborers, dependents)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhṛtya

bhṛtya - servant, hired person, dependent, one to be supported

Gerundive/Past Passive Participle (when adjective)

Derived from the root 'bhṛ' (to bear, maintain, support).

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Part of the subject of 'bhuñjate'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

दासाः (dāsāḥ) - slaves or personal attendants (slaves, servants, attendants)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dāsa

dāsa - slave, servant, attendant, devotee

Note: Part of the subject of 'bhuñjate'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

मृष्टानि (mṛṣṭāni) - delicious (foods) (refined, delicious, savory, clean)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of mṛṣṭa

mṛṣṭa - clean, purified, refined, palatable, delicious, savory

Past Passive Participle

Formed from the root 'mṛj' (to clean, purify).

Root: mṛj (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'annāni'.

अन्नानि (annāni) - meals (rich and delicious) (foods, meals, grains)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of anna

anna - food, meal, rice, grain

Past Passive Participle (from 'ad' to eat)

Generally derived from the root 'ad' (to eat), or sometimes 'an' (to breathe).

Root: ad (class 2)

Note: The object of consumption by the servants and slaves.

भुञ्जते (bhuñjate) - they eat (delicious meals) (they eat, they enjoy, they partake)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of bhuj

Root 'bhuj' (class 7).

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Subject: 'bhṛtyāḥ ca dāsāḥ ca'.

कथम् (katham) - how (an interrogative adverb expressing disbelief) (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Rāma, emphasizing his status) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular nominative.

भोक्ष्यते (bhokṣyate) - he will eat (subsist on, in the forest) (he will eat, he will enjoy, he will partake)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, future (lṛṭ) of bhuj

Root 'bhuj' (class 7).

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Subject: 'ayam saḥ nāthaḥ'.

नाथः (nāthaḥ) - lord, master (referring to Rāma, highlighting his princely status) (lord, protector, master, husband)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nātha

nātha - lord, master, protector, husband, refuge

Derived from the root 'nāth' (to ask for help, to be a lord).

Root: nāth (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'ayam saḥ'.

वने (vane) - in the forest (referring to his exile) (in the forest, in a grove)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket, collection

Note: Indicates the location of eating.

मूलफलानि (mūlaphalāni) - roots and fruits (the simple, wild food of hermits) (roots and fruits)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of mūlaphala

mūlaphala - roots and fruits (collectively as food)

Compound type : dvandva (mūla+phala)

• mūla – root, origin, base, foundation
  noun (neuter)
• phala – fruit, result, consequence, reward
  noun (neuter)

Note: The object of the verb 'bhokṣyate'.

अयम् (ayam) - this one (referring to Rāma, emphasizing immediacy or presence) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one (demonstrative pronoun)

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular nominative.

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