वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-21, verse-1

तं समीक्ष्य त्ववहितं पितुर्निर्देशपालने ।
कौसल्या बाष्पसंरुद्धा वचो धर्मिष्ठमब्रवीत् ॥१॥

1. taṃ samīkṣya tvavahitaṃ piturnirdeśapālane ,
kausalyā bāṣpasaṃruddhā vaco dharmiṣṭhamabravīt.

1. tam samīkṣya tu avahitam pituḥ nirdeśapālane
kausalyā bāṣpasaṃruddhā vacaḥ dharmiṣṭham abravīt

1. kausalyā pituḥ nirdeśapālane avahitam tam samīkṣya
tu bāṣpasaṃruddhā dharmiṣṭham vacaḥ abravīt

1. Seeing him (Rama) attentive to the observance of his father's command, Kaushalya, choked with tears, spoke words most righteous (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him

• समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, having observed

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• अवहितम् (avahitam) - attentive, mindful, prepared

• पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father

• निर्देशपालने (nirdeśapālane) - in the observance of the command

• कौसल्या (kausalyā) - Kaushalya

• बाष्पसंरुद्धा (bāṣpasaṁruddhā) - choked with tears, overcome by tears

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech

• धर्मिष्ठम् (dharmiṣṭham) - most righteous, most virtuous, most compliant with natural law (dharma)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - she spoke, he spoke

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, having observed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root īkṣ with prefix sam

Prefix: sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

अवहितम् (avahitam) - attentive, mindful, prepared

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of avahita

avahita - attentive, mindful, fixed, placed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dhā with prefixes ava and hi

Prefixes: ava+hi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'tam' (Rama)

पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

निर्देशपालने (nirdeśapālane) - in the observance of the command

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of nirdeśapālana

nirdeśapālana - observance of a command/instruction

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nirdeśa+pālana)

• nirdeśa – command, instruction, direction
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root diś with prefix nir
  Prefix: nir
  Root: diś (class 6)
• pālana – observance, protection, governing
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root pāl
  Root: pāl (class 10)

कौसल्या (kausalyā) - Kaushalya

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kausalyā

kausalyā - Kaushalya (a proper name, mother of Rama)

बाष्पसंरुद्धा (bāṣpasaṁruddhā) - choked with tears, overcome by tears

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bāṣpasaṃruddhā

bāṣpasaṁruddhā - choked with tears

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bāṣpa+saṃruddhā)

• bāṣpa – tear, steam
  noun (masculine)
• saṃruddhā – choked, obstructed, restrained
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root rudh with prefix sam
  Prefix: sam
  Root: rudh (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'Kausalyā'

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, voice, saying

धर्मिष्ठम् (dharmiṣṭham) - most righteous, most virtuous, most compliant with natural law (dharma)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dharmiṣṭha

dharmiṣṭha - most righteous, most virtuous, most observant of dharma

Superlative

Superlative degree of dharma/dharmin (righteous)

Note: Agrees with 'vacaḥ'

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - she spoke, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)