वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-111, verse-18

ताव् ऊचुस्ते वनचरास्तापसा धर्मचारिणः ।
वनस्य तस्य संचारं राक्षसैः समभिप्लुतम् ॥१८॥

18. tāv ūcuste vanacarāstāpasā dharmacāriṇaḥ ,
vanasya tasya saṃcāraṃ rākṣasaiḥ samabhiplutam.

18. tau ūcuḥ te vanacarāḥ tāpasāḥ dharmacāriṇaḥ
vanasya tasya sañcāram rākṣasaiḥ samabhiplutam

18. te vanacarāḥ dharmacāriṇaḥ tāpasāḥ tau ūcuḥ:
tasya vanasya sañcāram rākṣasaiḥ samabhiplutam

18. Those forest-dwelling ascetics, who practiced (dharma), then told the two of them (Rama and Lakshmana) that the passage through that forest was overrun by demons (rākṣasas).

Words meanings summery:

• तौ (tau) - to Rama and Lakshmana (to them (dual))

• ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they said

• ते (te) - those ascetics (those)

• वनचराः (vanacarāḥ) - forest-dwellers

• तापसाः (tāpasāḥ) - ascetics, hermits

• धर्मचारिणः (dharmacāriṇaḥ) - followers of (dharma), righteous ones

• वनस्य (vanasya) - of the forest

• तस्य (tasya) - of that particular forest (of that)

• सञ्चारम् (sañcāram) - passage, movement

• राक्षसैः (rākṣasaiḥ) - by demons, by (rākṣasas)

• समभिप्लुतम् (samabhiplutam) - overrun, infested, pervaded

Words meanings and morphology

तौ (tau) - to Rama and Lakshmana (to them (dual))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of `ūcuḥ`.

ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they said

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Third person plural, Perfect Active, Parasmaipada. Root `vac` undergoes irregular formation for perfect tense (reduplication `uva` -> `ūcuḥ`).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Subject is `te vanacarāḥ tāpasāḥ dharmacāriṇaḥ`.

ते (te) - those ascetics (those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the ascetics.

वनचराः (vanacarāḥ) - forest-dwellers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vanacara

vanacara - forest-dweller, moving in the forest

Compound type : Tatpurusha (vana+cara)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• cara – moving, going
  adjective (masculine)
  from root CAR (to move)
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Modifies `tāpasāḥ`.

तापसाः (tāpasāḥ) - ascetics, hermits

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāpasa

tāpasa - ascetic, hermit

from `tapas` (asceticism)

Note: Subject of `ūcuḥ`.

धर्मचारिणः (dharmacāriṇaḥ) - followers of (dharma), righteous ones

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmacārin

dharmacārin - one who practices (dharma), righteous, virtuous

from `dharma` + root `car` (to move, practice)

Compound type : Tatpurusha (dharma+cārin)

• dharma – natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  from root DHṚ (to uphold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• cārin – moving, practicing, following
  adjective (masculine)
  from root CAR (to move, practice)
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Modifies `tāpasāḥ`.

वनस्य (vanasya) - of the forest

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood

Note: Connected to `sañcāram`.

तस्य (tasya) - of that particular forest (of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Modifies `vanasya`.

सञ्चारम् (sañcāram) - passage, movement

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sañcāra

sañcāra - movement, passage, wandering

from root CAR (to move) with prefix SAM

Prefix: sam

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Content of the ascetics' statement.

राक्षसैः (rākṣasaiḥ) - by demons, by (rākṣasas)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, (rākṣasa)

Note: Agent of `samabhiplutam`.

समभिप्लुतम् (samabhiplutam) - overrun, infested, pervaded

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samabhipluta

samabhipluta - overrun, infested, pervaded

Past Passive Participle

from root PLU (to swim, flow, go) with prefixes SAM-ABHI

Prefixes: sam+abhi

Root: plu (class 1)

Note: Modifies `sañcāram`.