वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-60, verse-1

विश्वामित्रो महात्माथ प्रस्थितान्प्रेक्ष्य तानृषीन् ।
अब्रवीन्नरशार्दूल सर्वांस्तान् वनवासिनः ॥१॥

1. viśvāmitro mahātmātha prasthitānprekṣya tānṛṣīn ,
abravīnnaraśārdūla sarvāṃstān vanavāsinaḥ.

1. viśvāmitraḥ mahātmā atha prasthitān prekṣya tān
ṛṣīn abravīt naraśārdūla sarvān tān vanavāsinaḥ

1. viśvāmitraḥ mahātmā atha tān prasthitān ṛṣīn sarvān tān vanavāsinaḥ prekṣya,
naraśārdūla,
abravīt

1. Then, the great-souled (mahātman) Viśvāmitra, seeing all those sages who were ready to depart and were dwelling in the forest, spoke to them, "O tiger among men (naraśārdūla)!"

Words meanings summery:

• विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - The sage Viśvāmitra (Viśvāmitra)

• महात्मा (mahātmā) - the great-souled (mahātman) (great-souled, magnanimous, noble)

• अथ (atha) - then (then, thereupon, now)

• प्रस्थितान् (prasthitān) - who were ready to depart (departed, set forth, proceeded)

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - seeing (having seen, having looked at)

• तान् (tān) - those

• ऋषीन् (ṛṣīn) - sages (sages, seers)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (he spoke, he said)

• नरशार्दूल (naraśārdūla) - O tiger among men (O tiger among men, O best of men)

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (all, every)

• तान् (tān) - those

• वनवासिनः (vanavāsinaḥ) - forest-dwellers (forest-dwellers, hermits)

Words meanings and morphology

विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - The sage Viśvāmitra (Viśvāmitra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśvāmitra

viśvāmitra - Viśvāmitra (name of a famous sage)

महात्मा (mahātmā) - the great-souled (mahātman) (great-souled, magnanimous, noble)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, magnanimous, noble; a great person

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Viśvāmitra

अथ (atha) - then (then, thereupon, now)

(indeclinable)

प्रस्थितान् (prasthitān) - who were ready to depart (departed, set forth, proceeded)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prasthita

prasthita - departed, set forth, started; gone, dead

Past Passive Participle

From pra-√sthā (to stand forth, to depart)

Prefix: pra

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'ṛṣīn'

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - seeing (having seen, having looked at)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From pra-√īkṣ (to look at, behold)

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

तान् (tān) - those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the sages

ऋषीन् (ṛṣīn) - sages (sages, seers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root verb, class 2

Root: brū (class 2)

नरशार्दूल (naraśārdūla) - O tiger among men (O tiger among men, O best of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naraśārdūla

naraśārdūla - tiger among men, best of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+śārdūla)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• śārdūla – tiger; excellent, pre-eminent (when used as a suffix in compounds)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Rama

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (all, every)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Qualifies 'tān vanavāsinaḥ'

तान् (tān) - those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the forest-dwellers

वनवासिनः (vanavāsinaḥ) - forest-dwellers (forest-dwellers, hermits)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vanavāsin

vanavāsin - forest-dweller, hermit, an ascetic living in a forest

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+vāsin)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• vāsin – dwelling, abiding, inhabiting; a dweller
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from √vas (to dwell)
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Refers to the sages living in the forest