बृहत्-पाराशर-होरा-शास्त्रम्
bṛhat-pārāśara-horā-śāstram
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chapter-77, verse-4
उत्तमो मध्यमो नीच उदासीन इति क्रमात् ।
तेषां गुणानहं वक्ष्ये नारदारिप्रभाषितान् ॥४॥
तेषां गुणानहं वक्ष्ये नारदारिप्रभाषितान् ॥४॥
4. uttamo madhyamo nīca udāsīna iti kramāt .
teṣāṃ guṇānahaṃ vakṣye nāradāriprabhāṣitān.
teṣāṃ guṇānahaṃ vakṣye nāradāriprabhāṣitān.
4.
uttamaḥ madhyamaḥ nīcaḥ udāsīnaḥ iti kramāt
| teṣām guṇān aham vakṣye nāradādiprabhāṣitān
| teṣām guṇān aham vakṣye nāradādiprabhāṣitān
4.
Superior, mediocre, inferior, and indifferent (udāsīna)—these are the types in sequence. I shall now describe their qualities (guṇas), as expounded by Nārada and other sages.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- उत्तमः (uttamaḥ) - superior (type of being) (excellent, best, superior)
- मध्यमः (madhyamaḥ) - mediocre (type of being) (middle, mediocre, intermediate)
- नीचः (nīcaḥ) - inferior (type of being) (low, inferior, base)
- उदासीनः (udāsīnaḥ) - indifferent, neutral (type of being, implying balance) (indifferent, neutral, unconcerned, aloof)
- इति (iti) - thus (indicating the enumerated types) (thus, so, in this way (marks quotation or indicates enumeration))
- क्रमात् (kramāt) - in sequence, in order (in order, successively, from sequence)
- तेषाम् (teṣām) - their (referring to the four types of beings) (of them, their)
- गुणान् (guṇān) - their inherent qualities (guṇas) (qualities, attributes, merits)
- अहम् (aham) - I (the speaker, Parashara) (I)
- वक्ष्ये (vakṣye) - I will describe (I will speak, I will tell, I will describe)
- नारदादिप्रभाषितान् (nāradādiprabhāṣitān) - as expounded by Nārada and other sages (spoken by Narada and others)
Words meanings and morphology
उत्तमः (uttamaḥ) - superior (type of being) (excellent, best, superior)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of uttama
uttama - highest, best, excellent, chief
Superlative of ud (up) or ut.
Note: Refers to the 'sattva-dominant' type.
मध्यमः (madhyamaḥ) - mediocre (type of being) (middle, mediocre, intermediate)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of madhyama
madhyama - middle, central, intermediate, mediocre
From madhya (middle).
Note: Refers to the 'rajas-dominant' type.
नीचः (nīcaḥ) - inferior (type of being) (low, inferior, base)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nīca
nīca - low, inferior, base, humble, short
Note: Refers to the 'tamas-dominant' type.
उदासीनः (udāsīnaḥ) - indifferent, neutral (type of being, implying balance) (indifferent, neutral, unconcerned, aloof)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of udāsīna
udāsīna - sitting apart, indifferent, neutral, unconcerned
Past Active Participle
From ud-ās (to sit up, be indifferent).
Prefix: ud
Root: ās (class 2)
Note: Refers to the 'guṇa-sāmya' type.
इति (iti) - thus (indicating the enumerated types) (thus, so, in this way (marks quotation or indicates enumeration))
(indeclinable)
क्रमात् (kramāt) - in sequence, in order (in order, successively, from sequence)
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of krama
krama - step, order, sequence, method
From root kram (to step, go).
Root: kram (class 1)
तेषाम् (teṣām) - their (referring to the four types of beings) (of them, their)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, those
Demonstrative pronoun.
Note: Refers to the 'jantavaḥ' mentioned in the previous verse and elaborated here.
गुणान् (guṇān) - their inherent qualities (guṇas) (qualities, attributes, merits)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of guṇa
guṇa - quality, attribute, constituent of nature, merit
Note: Object of 'vakṣye'.
अहम् (aham) - I (the speaker, Parashara) (I)
(pronoun)
Nominative, singular of aham
aham - I
First person singular pronoun.
Note: Subject of 'vakṣye'.
वक्ष्ये (vakṣye) - I will describe (I will speak, I will tell, I will describe)
(verb)
1st person , singular, middle, future (lṛṭ) of vac
Future Tense, 1st Person Singular, Middle Voice (Ātmanepada)
From root vac.
Root: vac (class 2)
नारदादिप्रभाषितान् (nāradādiprabhāṣitān) - as expounded by Nārada and other sages (spoken by Narada and others)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, plural of nāradādiprabhāṣita
nāradādiprabhāṣita - spoken by Nārada and so forth
Past Passive Participle
prabhāṣita from pra-bhāṣ (to speak forth). Compound nārada-ādi-prabhāṣita (spoken by Nārada and others).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nārada+ādi+prabhāṣita)
- nārada – Name of a divine sage
proper noun (masculine) - ādi – beginning, etcetera, and others
noun (masculine) - prabhāṣita – spoken, declared, expounded
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From pra-bhāṣ (to speak forth).
Prefix: pra
Root: bhāṣ (class 1)
Note: Qualifies 'guṇān'.