मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-30, verse-9
आवाहनं न कर्तव्यमग्नौकरणवर्जितम् ।
प्रेतस्य पिण्डमेकञ्च दद्यादुच्छिष्टसन्निधौ ॥९॥
प्रेतस्य पिण्डमेकञ्च दद्यादुच्छिष्टसन्निधौ ॥९॥
9. āvāhanaṃ na kartavyamagnaukaraṇavarjitam .
pretasya piṇḍamekañca dadyāducchiṣṭasannidhau.
pretasya piṇḍamekañca dadyāducchiṣṭasannidhau.
9.
āvāhanam na kartavyam agnaukaraṇavarjitam
pretasya piṇḍam ekam ca dadyāt ucchiṣṭasannidhau
pretasya piṇḍam ekam ca dadyāt ucchiṣṭasannidhau
9.
Invocation (āvāhana) should not be performed, and it should be without the offering into fire (agnaukarana). A single rice-ball (piṇḍa) should be given for the departed spirit (preta) near the remnants of food (ucchiṣṭa).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- आवाहनम् (āvāhanam) - invocation, summoning
- न (na) - not
- कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - should be performed/done
- अग्नौकरणवर्जितम् (agnaukaraṇavarjitam) - without the offering into fire, devoid of the fire ritual
- प्रेतस्य (pretasya) - of the deceased, of the departed spirit
- पिण्डम् (piṇḍam) - rice ball (offering)
- एकम् (ekam) - one, single
- च (ca) - and
- दद्यात् (dadyāt) - one should give, should offer
- उच्छिष्टसन्निधौ (ucchiṣṭasannidhau) - near the remnants of food, near the leavings
Words meanings and morphology
आवाहनम् (āvāhanam) - invocation, summoning
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of āvāhana
āvāhana - calling, summoning, invocation
From root 'vhā' with upasarga 'ā'.
Prefix: ā
Root: vhā (class 1)
Note: Subject for 'kartavyam'.
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
Negative particle.
कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - should be performed/done
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of kartavya
kartavya - to be done, proper to be done, duty
Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)
From root 'kṛ' with suffix 'tavya'.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Predicate adjective for 'āvāhanam'.
अग्नौकरणवर्जितम् (agnaukaraṇavarjitam) - without the offering into fire, devoid of the fire ritual
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of agnaukaraṇavarjita
agnaukaraṇavarjita - devoid of or exempt from the agnikaraṇa (fire offering)
Compound of 'agnaukaraṇa' (fire offering) + 'varjita' (excluded, avoided).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (agnaukaraṇa+varjita)
- agnaukaraṇa – fire offering, act of offering into fire
noun (neuter)
Compound of 'agni' (fire, in locative 'agnau') + 'karaṇa' (act, making). - varjita – excluded, avoided, abandoned, deprived of
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from the root 'vṛj' (to avoid, exclude).
Root: vṛj (class 1)
Note: Predicate adjective for implied subject (the rite, ekoddiṣṭa).
प्रेतस्य (pretasya) - of the deceased, of the departed spirit
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of preta
preta - departed, deceased, a departed spirit, ghost
Past Passive Participle
From 'pra' + root 'i' (to go), literally 'gone forth'.
Prefix: pra
Root: i (class 2)
Note: Possessive, indicating for whom the 'piṇḍa' is offered.
पिण्डम् (piṇḍam) - rice ball (offering)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of piṇḍa
piṇḍa - ball, lump, globe, especially a ball of rice or flour offered to ancestors (pitṛs)
Note: Object of 'dadyāt'.
एकम् (ekam) - one, single
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of eka
eka - one, a single, unique, sole
Note: Used as an adjective for 'piṇḍam'.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
दद्यात् (dadyāt) - one should give, should offer
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of dā
Optative mood, derived from root 'dā' (class 3).
Root: dā (class 3)
उच्छिष्टसन्निधौ (ucchiṣṭasannidhau) - near the remnants of food, near the leavings
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of ucchiṣṭasannidhi
ucchiṣṭasannidhi - proximity of leavings/remnants of food, near the polluted food
Compound of 'ucchiṣṭa' (leftover, remnants of food, impure) + 'sannidhi' (proximity, presence).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ucchiṣṭa+sannidhi)
- ucchiṣṭa – remnants of food, left-over, impure
noun (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from the root 'śiṣ' with upasarga 'ud'.
Prefix: ud
Root: śiṣ (class 7) - sannidhi – proximity, presence, vicinity, nearness
noun (masculine)
From 'sam-ni-dhā' (to place together).
Prefixes: sam+ni
Root: dhā (class 3)
Note: Denotes location.