मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-30, verse-19
मृताहनि यथान्यायं नृणां यद्वदिहोदितम् ।
पुत्राभावे सपिण्डास्तु तदभावे सहोदकाः ॥१९॥
पुत्राभावे सपिण्डास्तु तदभावे सहोदकाः ॥१९॥
19. mṛtāhani yathānyāyaṃ nṛṇāṃ yadvadihoditam .
putrābhāve sapiṇḍāstu tadabhāve sahodakāḥ.
putrābhāve sapiṇḍāstu tadabhāve sahodakāḥ.
19.
mṛtāhani yathā nyāyam nṛṇām yadvat iha uditam
putrābhāve sapiṇḍāḥ tu tat abhāve sahodakāḥ
putrābhāve sapiṇḍāḥ tu tat abhāve sahodakāḥ
19.
Just as the proper rite for men is prescribed here to be performed on the anniversary of death, so too, in the absence of a son (for the deceased), the sapiṇḍa relatives should perform it, and in their absence, the sahodaka relatives (should do so).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- मृताहनि (mṛtāhani) - on the day of death, on the anniversary of death
- यथा (yathā) - just as, as, according to
- न्यायम् (nyāyam) - proper procedure (justice, rule, proper procedure, law)
- नृणाम् (nṛṇām) - of men, of people
- यद्वत् (yadvat) - just as (just as, in what manner)
- इह (iha) - here (in this context/text) (here, in this world, in this text)
- उदितम् (uditam) - declared, stated (said, spoken, declared, arisen)
- पुत्राभावे (putrābhāve) - in the absence of a son, when there is no son
- सपिण्डाः (sapiṇḍāḥ) - sapiṇḍa relatives (connected by common pinda offerings)
- तु (tu) - but, however (but, on the other hand, indeed)
- तत् (tat) - their (the sapiṇḍa relatives') (that, their (referring to sapiṇḍas))
- अभावे (abhāve) - in the absence, in the non-existence
- सहोदकाः (sahodakāḥ) - sahodaka relatives (connected by common water offerings)
Words meanings and morphology
मृताहनि (mṛtāhani) - on the day of death, on the anniversary of death
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of mṛtāha
mṛtāha - day of death, anniversary of death
From mṛta (dead) + aha (day).
Compound type : karmadhāraya (mṛta+ahan)
- mṛta – dead, deceased
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From √mṛ.
Root: mṛ (class 1) - ahan – day
noun (neuter)
Note: ahan stem used for locative singular ahani.
यथा (yathā) - just as, as, according to
(indeclinable)
न्यायम् (nyāyam) - proper procedure (justice, rule, proper procedure, law)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of nyāya
nyāya - rule, method, justice, logic, proper course
Prefix: ni
Root: i (class 2)
Note: Used adverbially.
नृणाम् (nṛṇām) - of men, of people
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of nṛ
nṛ - man, human being, male
Root: nṛ
यद्वत् (yadvat) - just as (just as, in what manner)
(indeclinable)
From yad + vat suffix.
इह (iha) - here (in this context/text) (here, in this world, in this text)
(indeclinable)
उदितम् (uditam) - declared, stated (said, spoken, declared, arisen)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of udita
udita - said, spoken, declared, risen, manifest
Past Passive Participle
From ud + √vad (to speak).
Prefix: ud
Root: vad (class 1)
पुत्राभावे (putrābhāve) - in the absence of a son, when there is no son
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of putrābhāva
putrābhāva - absence of a son, lack of a son
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putra+abhāva)
- putra – son, child
noun (masculine) - abhāva – absence, non-existence, lack
noun (masculine)
Prefix: a
Root: bhū (class 1)
सपिण्डाः (sapiṇḍāḥ) - sapiṇḍa relatives (connected by common pinda offerings)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of sapiṇḍa
sapiṇḍa - connected by common pinda (rice ball) offerings, a specific class of relatives
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+piṇḍa)
- sa – with, together with
indeclinable - piṇḍa – ball of rice, lump, body
noun (masculine)
तु (tu) - but, however (but, on the other hand, indeed)
(indeclinable)
तत् (tat) - their (the sapiṇḍa relatives') (that, their (referring to sapiṇḍas))
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: tat is the nominative/accusative neuter singular form of tad. In tadabhāve, it is the first member of a compound, referring to the sapiṇḍāḥ.
अभावे (abhāve) - in the absence, in the non-existence
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of abhāva
abhāva - absence, non-existence, lack
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Part of the compound tadabhāve.
सहोदकाः (sahodakāḥ) - sahodaka relatives (connected by common water offerings)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of sahodaka
sahodaka - connected by common water offerings (udaka), a specific class of relatives (more distant than sapiṇḍas)
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+udaka)
- sa – with, together with
indeclinable - udaka – water
noun (neuter)