मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-30, verse-23
तदभावे च नृपतिः कारयेत् स्वकुटुम्बिना ।
तज्जातीयैर्नरैः सम्याग् दाहाद्याः सकलाः क्रियाः ॥२३॥
तज्जातीयैर्नरैः सम्याग् दाहाद्याः सकलाः क्रियाः ॥२३॥
23. tadabhāve ca nṛpatiḥ kārayet svakuṭumbinā .
tajjātīyairnaraiḥ samyāg dāhādyāḥ sakalāḥ kriyāḥ.
tajjātīyairnaraiḥ samyāg dāhādyāḥ sakalāḥ kriyāḥ.
23.
tad abhāve ca nṛpatiḥ kārayet svakuṭumbinā
tat-jātīyaiḥ naraiḥ samyak dāhādyāḥ sakalāḥ kriyāḥ
tat-jātīyaiḥ naraiḥ samyak dāhādyāḥ sakalāḥ kriyāḥ
23.
And in their absence, the king should ensure that all rites, starting with cremation, are performed properly by men of the deceased's social class, through a member of his own household.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- तद् (tad) - their (referring to the women mentioned previously, or the absence in general) (that, their, its)
- अभावे (abhāve) - in their absence (in absence, in non-existence)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - the king (king)
- कारयेत् (kārayet) - he should arrange for (the rites to be performed) (he should cause to do, he should arrange for)
- स्वकुटुम्बिना (svakuṭumbinā) - by a member of his own household (referring to the king) (by one's own householder, by one's own family member)
- तज्-जातीयैः (taj-jātīyaiḥ) - by men of the deceased's social class (by those of that caste/kind)
- नरैः (naraiḥ) - by men
- सम्यक् (samyak) - properly (properly, thoroughly, completely)
- दाहाद्याः (dāhādyāḥ) - all rites, starting with cremation (cremation and other (rites))
- सकलाः (sakalāḥ) - all (all, complete, entire)
- क्रियाः (kriyāḥ) - rituals (śrāddha rites) (actions, rites, rituals)
Words meanings and morphology
तद् (tad) - their (referring to the women mentioned previously, or the absence in general) (that, their, its)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, this, it
Pronominal base
अभावे (abhāve) - in their absence (in absence, in non-existence)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of abhāva
abhāva - absence, non-existence, lack
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - the king (king)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpati
nṛpati - king, ruler
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pati)
- nṛ – man, human being
noun (masculine) - pati – lord, master, husband, ruler
noun (masculine)
कारयेत् (kārayet) - he should arrange for (the rites to be performed) (he should cause to do, he should arrange for)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of kṛ
Causative Optative
3rd person singular, active voice. Formed from causative stem kāray- + optative ending.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Causative verb, meaning 'cause to do'.
स्वकुटुम्बिना (svakuṭumbinā) - by a member of his own household (referring to the king) (by one's own householder, by one's own family member)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of svakuṭumbin
svakuṭumbin - one's own householder, one's own family member, one's own subject
From sva (own) + kuṭumbin (householder, family man).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+kuṭumbin)
- sva – own, one's own
pronoun (masculine) - kuṭumbin – householder, family man, member of a household
noun (masculine)
Note: Agent of the causative action.
तज्-जातीयैः (taj-jātīyaiḥ) - by men of the deceased's social class (by those of that caste/kind)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of taj-jātīya
taj-jātīya - of that kind/species/caste/class, similar to that
From tad (that) + jātīya (belonging to a kind/caste).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tad+jātīya)
- tad – that, its, his
pronoun (neuter) - jātīya – belonging to a kind/species/caste/class
adjective (masculine)
Suffix īya added to jāti (kind, caste).
Note: Agrees with naraiḥ.
नरैः (naraiḥ) - by men
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of nara
nara - man, human being
Root: nṛ
Note: Agent of the causative action.
सम्यक् (samyak) - properly (properly, thoroughly, completely)
(indeclinable)
Adverbial form.
दाहाद्याः (dāhādyāḥ) - all rites, starting with cremation (cremation and other (rites))
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, plural of dāhādi
dāhādi - cremation etc., beginning with cremation
From dāha (cremation) + ādi (beginning, etc.).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dāha+ādi)
- dāha – burning, cremation
noun (masculine)
Root: dah (class 1) - ādi – beginning, et cetera, and so on
noun (masculine)
Note: Agrees with kriyāḥ.
सकलाः (sakalāḥ) - all (all, complete, entire)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, plural of sakala
sakala - all, complete, entire, with all parts
From sa (with) + kala (part, portion).
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+kala)
- sa – with, together with
indeclinable
prefix - kala – part, portion, digit (of moon), art
noun (masculine)
Note: Agrees with kriyāḥ.
क्रियाः (kriyāḥ) - rituals (śrāddha rites) (actions, rites, rituals)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, plural of kriyā
kriyā - action, deed, performance, ritual
From root kṛ (to do).
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: The subject of the implied verb 'should be performed' or object of 'should cause to perform'.