महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-42, verse-18

यतमानास्तु ते वीरा मत्स्यपाञ्चालकेकयाः ।
पाण्डवाश्चान्वपद्यन्त प्रत्यैकश्येन सैन्धवम् ॥१८॥

18. yatamānāstu te vīrā matsyapāñcālakekayāḥ ,
pāṇḍavāścānvapadyanta pratyaikaśyena saindhavam.

18. yatamānāḥ tu te vīrāḥ matsyapāñcālakekayāḥ
pāṇḍavāḥ ca anvapadyanta pratyaikaśyena saindhavam

18. tu te vīrāḥ matsyapāñcālakekayāḥ ca pāṇḍavāḥ
yatamānāḥ pratyaikaśyena saindhavam anvapadyanta

18. But those heroes—the Matsyas, Pañcālas, Kekayas, and Pāṇḍavas—though striving, individually encountered Saindhava.

Words meanings summery:

• यतमानाः (yatamānāḥ) - striving, endeavoring, making effort

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• ते (te) - those

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, valiant men

• मत्स्यपाञ्चालकेकयाः (matsyapāñcālakekayāḥ) - Matsyas, Pañcālas, and Kekayas (tribes/peoples)

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the sons of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas

• च (ca) - and, also

• अन्वपद्यन्त (anvapadyanta) - they followed, they encountered, they attacked

• प्रत्यैकश्येन (pratyaikaśyena) - individually, one by one

• सैन्धवम् (saindhavam) - Jayadratha, the king of Sindhu (Saindhava)

Words meanings and morphology

यतमानाः (yatamānāḥ) - striving, endeavoring, making effort

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yatamāna

yatamāna - striving, endeavoring, making effort

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

Derived from root 'yat' (to strive) with suffix '-māna'.

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Refers to the Matsyas, Pañcālas, Kekayas, and Pāṇḍavas.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the heroes (vīrāḥ).

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, valiant men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

मत्स्यपाञ्चालकेकयाः (matsyapāñcālakekayāḥ) - Matsyas, Pañcālas, and Kekayas (tribes/peoples)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of matsyapāñcālakekaya

matsyapāñcālakekaya - The Matsyas, Pañcālas, and Kekayas (names of specific kingdoms/tribes)

Compound type : dvandva (matsya+pāñcāla+kekaya)

• matsya – Matsya (name of a people/kingdom)
  proper noun (masculine)
• pāñcāla – Pañcāla (name of a people/kingdom)
  proper noun (masculine)
• kekaya – Kekaya (name of a people/kingdom)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the collective forces allied with the Pāṇḍavas.

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the sons of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas

Taddhita derivative from 'Pāṇḍu'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अन्वपद्यन्त (anvapadyanta) - they followed, they encountered, they attacked

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of anupad

Imperfect

Imperfect tense, ātmanepada, 3rd person plural.

Prefix: anu

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: The verb's prefix 'anu' implies 'after' or 'along with', making 'followed after' or 'pursued' a direct sense, but in battle context 'encountered' or 'attacked' is more appropriate.

प्रत्यैकश्येन (pratyaikaśyena) - individually, one by one

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'prati-eka' (each one) + suffix '-ṣya'.

Note: Adverbial use of instrumental case.

सैन्धवम् (saindhavam) - Jayadratha, the king of Sindhu (Saindhava)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saindhava

saindhava - relating to Sindhu, an inhabitant of Sindhu, Jayadratha (king of Sindhu)

Taddhita derivative from 'Sindhu'.

Note: Refers to Jayadratha, the son-in-law of Dhṛtarāṣṭra.