महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-42, verse-12

तस्य तल्लाघवं ज्ञात्वा भीमो भल्लैस्त्रिभिः पुनः ।
धनुर्ध्वजं च छत्रं च क्षितौ क्षिप्रमपातयत् ॥१२॥

12. tasya tallāghavaṁ jñātvā bhīmo bhallaistribhiḥ punaḥ ,
dhanurdhvajaṁ ca chatraṁ ca kṣitau kṣipramapātayat.

12. tasya tat lāghavam jñātvā bhīmaḥ bhallaiḥ tribhiḥ punaḥ
dhanurdhvajam ca chatram ca kṣitau kṣipram apātayat

12. tasya tat lāghavam jñātvā bhīmaḥ punaḥ tribhiḥ bhallaiḥ
dhanurdhvajam ca chatram ca kṣipram kṣitau apātayat

12. Understanding that swiftness of his (Yudhiṣṭhira's), Bhīma then, with three broad-headed arrows, quickly brought down both his (opponent's) bow-banner and royal umbrella to the ground.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira's swiftness. (his, of him, of it)

• तत् (tat) - Emphasizes 'that' specific swiftness. (that, this)

• लाघवम् (lāghavam) - Refers to the rapid actions described in the previous verse. (swiftness, lightness, agility, quickness)

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having understood

• भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Refers to Bhīmasena. (Bhīma (one of the Pāṇḍavas))

• भल्लैः (bhallaiḥ) - with broad-headed arrows, by spears

• त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - Refers to three arrows. (with three)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - Indicates Bhīma's subsequent action. (again, further, moreover)

• धनुर्ध्वजम् (dhanurdhvajam) - The banner of an opposing warrior. (bow-banner, a banner marked with a bow)

• च (ca) - and, also

• छत्रम् (chatram) - The royal umbrella of an opposing warrior. (umbrella, royal umbrella (symbol of sovereignty))

• च (ca) - and, also

• क्षितौ (kṣitau) - on the ground, on the earth

• क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly

• अपातयत् (apātayat) - he caused to fall, he felled, he threw down

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira's swiftness. (his, of him, of it)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तत् (tat) - Emphasizes 'that' specific swiftness. (that, this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Agrees with 'lāghavam' in gender, number, and case.

लाघवम् (lāghavam) - Refers to the rapid actions described in the previous verse. (swiftness, lightness, agility, quickness)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of lāghava

lāghava - swiftness, lightness, agility, quickness, dexterity

Derived from laghu (light, quick)

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having understood

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root √jñā

Root: jñā (class 9)

भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Refers to Bhīmasena. (Bhīma (one of the Pāṇḍavas))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - terrible, formidable; a proper name, Bhīma

भल्लैः (bhallaiḥ) - with broad-headed arrows, by spears

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhalla

bhalla - a kind of broad-headed arrow, a spear

त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - Refers to three arrows. (with three)

(numeral)

पुनः (punaḥ) - Indicates Bhīma's subsequent action. (again, further, moreover)

(indeclinable)

धनुर्ध्वजम् (dhanurdhvajam) - The banner of an opposing warrior. (bow-banner, a banner marked with a bow)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhanurdhvaja

dhanurdhvaja - bow-banner, a banner marked with a bow

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhanus+dhvaja)

• dhanus – bow
  noun (neuter)
• dhvaja – banner, flag, standard
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

छत्रम् (chatram) - The royal umbrella of an opposing warrior. (umbrella, royal umbrella (symbol of sovereignty))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of chatra

chatra - umbrella, royal umbrella, canopy

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

क्षितौ (kṣitau) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of kṣiti

kṣiti - earth, ground, dwelling place

क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

अपातयत् (apātayat) - he caused to fall, he felled, he threw down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of pat

imperfect tense (causative)

Causative stem pātay-, 3rd person singular imperfect

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Causative verb.