महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-44, verse-16

य आशयेत्पाटयेच्चापि राजन्सर्वं शरीरं तपसा तप्यमानः ।
एतेनासौ बाल्यमत्येति विद्वान्मृत्युं तथा रोधयत्यन्तकाले ॥१६॥

16. ya āśayetpāṭayeccāpi rāja;nsarvaṁ śarīraṁ tapasā tapyamānaḥ ,
etenāsau bālyamatyeti vidvā;nmṛtyuṁ tathā rodhayatyantakāle.

16. yaḥ āśayet pāṭayet ca api rājan
sarvam śarīram tapasā tapyamānaḥ
| etena asau bālyam atyeti vidvān
mṛtyum tathā rodhayati antakāle

16. O King, he who subjects his entire body to intense austerity (tapas), whether by causing it to lie down (in penance) or even by tearing it apart, that wise person, by this means, transcends the stage of youth and thus restrains death at the final hour.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - he who, which

• आशयेत् (āśayet) - may cause to lie down (in penance) (may cause to lie down (in penance); may consume)

• पाटयेत् (pāṭayet) - may tear apart, may split

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole, entire

• शरीरम् (śarīram) - body

• तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity (tapas)

• तप्यमानः (tapyamānaḥ) - being purified, being heated, undergoing austerity

• एतेन (etena) - by this, with this

• असौ (asau) - that (person)

• बाल्यम् (bālyam) - childhood, youth

• अत्येति (atyeti) - overcomes, transcends, passes over

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - wise, learned, knowing

• मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death

• तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner, and

• रोधयति (rodhayati) - obstructs, stops, checks, restrains

• अन्तकाले (antakāle) - at the time of death, at the end of time

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - he who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

आशयेत् (āśayet) - may cause to lie down (in penance) (may cause to lie down (in penance); may consume)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of āśī

Optative, 3rd person singular

Causative of root śī (to lie down) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: śī (class 2)

पाटयेत् (pāṭayet) - may tear apart, may split

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of pāṭ

Optative, 3rd person singular

Causative of root paṭ (to burst) or independent root pāṭ (10th conjugation)

Root: paṭ (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole, entire

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

शरीरम् (śarīram) - body

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śarīra

śarīra - body, frame

Root: śṝ (class 9)

तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity (tapas)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat, spiritual fervor

From root tap

Root: tap (class 1)

तप्यमानः (tapyamānaḥ) - being purified, being heated, undergoing austerity

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tapyamāna

tapyamāna - being heated, suffering penance, undergoing austerity, being purified

Present Middle Participle (passive sense)

From root tap (to heat, suffer, perform austerity) with śānac suffix, used passively

Root: tap (class 1)

एतेन (etena) - by this, with this

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, he, she, it

असौ (asau) - that (person)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, he, she, it

बाल्यम् (bālyam) - childhood, youth

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bālya

bālya - childhood, infancy, youth, childishness

Derived from bāla (child)

अत्येति (atyeti) - overcomes, transcends, passes over

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ati-i

Present indicative, 3rd person singular

Root i (to go) with prefix ati

Prefix: ati

Root: i (class 2)

विद्वान् (vidvān) - wise, learned, knowing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvat

vidvat - wise, learned, knowing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root vid (to know) with vasu suffix

Root: vid (class 2)

मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, dying, Yama (god of death)

From root mṛ (to die)

Root: mṛ (class 6)

तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner, and

(indeclinable)

रोधयति (rodhayati) - obstructs, stops, checks, restrains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of rudh

Present indicative, 3rd person singular

Causative of root rudh (7th conjugation, parasmaipada)

Root: rudh (class 7)

अन्तकाले (antakāle) - at the time of death, at the end of time

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of antakāla

antakāla - the time of death, the last hour, the end of time

Compound of anta (end) and kāla (time)

Compound type : tatpurusha (anta+kāla)

• anta – end, boundary, limit
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ant (class 1)
• kāla – time, period, proper time
  noun (masculine)
  From root kal
  Root: kal (class 10)