महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-185, verse-21

प्रजज्वाल नभो राजन्धूमायन्ते दिशो दश ।
न स्थातुमन्तरिक्षे च शेकुराकाशगास्तदा ॥२१॥

21. prajajvāla nabho rājandhūmāyante diśo daśa ,
na sthātumantarikṣe ca śekurākāśagāstadā.

21. prajajvāla nabhaḥ rājan dhūmāyante diśaḥ daśa
na sthātum antarikṣe ca śekuḥ ākāśagāḥ tadā

21. rājan nabhaḥ prajajvāla ca daśa diśaḥ dhūmāyante
tadā ca ākāśagāḥ antarikṣe sthātum na śekuḥ

21. O King, the sky blazed brightly, and the ten directions became smoky. Then, those who traverse the sky could not remain in the atmosphere.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रजज्वाल (prajajvāla) - blazed brightly (blazed forth, flared up, shone brightly)

• नभः (nabhaḥ) - the sky (sky, atmosphere, heaven)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (O king, O ruler)

• धूमायन्ते (dhūmāyante) - became smoky (became smoky, were filled with smoke, smoked)

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions (directions, quarters)

• दश (daśa) - ten

• न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

• स्थातुम् (sthātum) - to remain, to stay (to stand, to stay, to remain)

• अन्तरिक्षे (antarikṣe) - in the atmosphere (in the atmosphere, in space, in the sky)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• शेकुः (śekuḥ) - could (were able, could)

• आकाशगाः (ākāśagāḥ) - those who traverse the sky (sky-goers, moving in the sky, celestial beings)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रजज्वाल (prajajvāla) - blazed brightly (blazed forth, flared up, shone brightly)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of prajval

Compound verb formed from prefix pra + root jval (to burn, shine).

Prefix: pra

Root: jval (class 1)

Note: Perfect tense, 3rd person singular of root jval.

नभः (nabhaḥ) - the sky (sky, atmosphere, heaven)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nabhas

nabhas - sky, atmosphere, heaven

Root: nabh

राजन् (rājan) - O King (O king, O ruler)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj

धूमायन्ते (dhūmāyante) - became smoky (became smoky, were filled with smoke, smoked)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (lat) of dhūmāya

Denominative verb

Formed from the noun 'dhūma' (smoke) + ya-suffix, used in the middle voice.

Note: Present tense, 3rd person plural, middle voice.

दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions (directions, quarters)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky, region

Root: diś

दश (daśa) - ten

(numeral)

Note: Adjective/numeral modifying diśaḥ.

न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

स्थातुम् (sthātum) - to remain, to stay (to stand, to stay, to remain)

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of sthā

Infinitive

Infinitive form of root sthā.

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Infinitive used with śekuḥ (were able).

अन्तरिक्षे (antarikṣe) - in the atmosphere (in the atmosphere, in space, in the sky)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of antarikṣa

antarikṣa - atmosphere, sky, space

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

शेकुः (śekuḥ) - could (were able, could)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of śak

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Perfect tense, 3rd person plural of root śak.

आकाशगाः (ākāśagāḥ) - those who traverse the sky (sky-goers, moving in the sky, celestial beings)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ākāśaga

ākāśaga - moving in the sky, sky-going, celestial

Compound formed from 'ākāśa' (sky) and 'ga' (going/moving from root gam). It functions as a descriptive adjective.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ākāśa+ga)

• ākāśa – sky, space, ether
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kāś
• ga – going, moving, who goes
  adjective (masculine)
  Noun agent (kṛt-suffix)
  From root gam 'to go'. Often used as the second element in compounds.
  Root: gam (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem tad + suffix dā.