महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-106, verse-9

अत एव च पूर्वेषां पूर्वामाशामवेक्षताम् ।
पूर्वकार्याणि कार्याणि दैवानि सुखमीप्सता ॥९॥

9. ata eva ca pūrveṣāṁ pūrvāmāśāmavekṣatām ,
pūrvakāryāṇi kāryāṇi daivāni sukhamīpsatā.

9. ata eva ca pūrveṣām pūrvāmāśām avekṣatām
pūrvakāryāṇi kāryāṇi daivāni sukham īpsatā

9. For this very reason, and for those among the ancients who were looking towards the eastern direction, the former actions, which were divine duties, were performed by one desiring happiness.

Words meanings summery:

• अत (ata) - therefore, hence, from this

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, precisely

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• पूर्वेषाम् (pūrveṣām) - of the former ones, of the ancestors, of the elders

• पूर्वामाशाम् (pūrvāmāśām) - the eastern quarter, the former hope/aspiration, the former direction

• अवेक्षताम् (avekṣatām) - of those looking, of those observing, of those expecting

• पूर्वकार्याणि (pūrvakāryāṇi) - former actions, previous duties

• कार्याणि (kāryāṇi) - actions, duties, things to be done

• दैवानि (daivāni) - divine, godly, related to gods

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, joy, comfort

• ईप्सता (īpsatā) - by one desiring, by one wishing for

Words meanings and morphology

अत (ata) - therefore, hence, from this

(indeclinable)

ablative of idam with suffix -tas

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, precisely

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

पूर्वेषाम् (pūrveṣām) - of the former ones, of the ancestors, of the elders

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pūrva

pūrva - former, ancient, prior, eastern

Note: Refers to the ancestors or earlier generations.

पूर्वामाशाम् (pūrvāmāśām) - the eastern quarter, the former hope/aspiration, the former direction

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pūrvāmāśā

pūrvāmāśā - eastern quarter, former hope/desire, original aspiration

Compound type : karmadhāraya (pūrva+āśā)

• pūrva – former, ancient, prior, eastern
  adjective (feminine)
• āśā – hope, desire, direction, quarter
  noun (feminine)
  Root: aś (class 5)

Note: This is a compound, not sandhi between 'pūrvām' and 'āśām'.

अवेक्षताम् (avekṣatām) - of those looking, of those observing, of those expecting

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of avekṣat

avekṣat - looking at, observing, expecting

Present Active Participle

From `ava` + `īkṣ` (class 1, ātmanepada) + `śatṛ` suffix

Prefix: ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: It agrees with `pūrveṣām`.

पूर्वकार्याणि (pūrvakāryāṇi) - former actions, previous duties

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of pūrvakārya

pūrvakārya - former action, previous duty

Compound type : karmadhāraya (pūrva+kārya)

• pūrva – former, ancient, prior
  adjective (neuter)
• kārya – action, duty, to be done
  gerundive (neuter)
  Gerundive
  from root `kṛ` + suffix `ṇyat`
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Can also be accusative plural.

कार्याणि (kāryāṇi) - actions, duties, things to be done

(gerundive)

Note: Can also be accusative plural.

दैवानि (daivāni) - divine, godly, related to gods

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of daiva

daiva - divine, godly, celestial, fate

derived from deva (god)

Note: It agrees with `kāryāṇi`. Can also be accusative plural.

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, joy, comfort

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, pleasure, ease, comfort

Note: This can also be nominative singular or an indeclinable adverb meaning 'happily'. Here, likely accusative, object of `īpsatā`.

ईप्सता (īpsatā) - by one desiring, by one wishing for

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of īpsat

īpsat - desiring, wishing to obtain

Present Active Participle (Desiderative)

Desiderative stem of `āp` (to obtain) + `śatṛ` suffix

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: This form causes some grammatical tension with the plural genitives earlier in the verse.