महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-106, verse-8

एतस्मात्कारणाद्ब्रह्मन्पूर्वेत्येषा दिगुच्यते ।
यस्मात्पूर्वतरे काले पूर्वमेषावृता सुरैः ॥८॥

8. etasmātkāraṇādbrahmanpūrvetyeṣā digucyate ,
yasmātpūrvatare kāle pūrvameṣāvṛtā suraiḥ.

8. etasmāt kāraṇāt brahman pūrvā iti eṣā dik ucyate
yasmāt pūrvatare kāle pūrvam eṣā āvṛtā suraiḥ

8. O Brahmin (brahman), for this reason, this direction is called 'Eastern' (pūrvā), because in ancient times, this [direction] was inhabited by the gods.

Words meanings summery:

• एतस्मात् (etasmāt) - for this reason (from this)

• कारणात् (kāraṇāt) - for this reason (from a cause, from a reason)

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahmin (O Brahmin, O Brāhmaṇa)

• पूर्वा (pūrvā) - Eastern (eastern, former, prior)

• इति (iti) - thus, (indicating a name) (thus, so, indicates direct speech or quoted thought)

• एषा (eṣā) - this (direction) (this (feminine))

• दिक् (dik) - direction (direction, quarter)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is called (is called, is said, is spoken)

• यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because (from which, because)

• पूर्वतरे (pūrvatare) - in earlier times (in earlier, more ancient (time))

• काले (kāle) - in times (in time, at the time)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly (formerly, before)

• एषा (eṣā) - this (feminine)

• आवृता (āvṛtā) - inhabited (covered, surrounded, inhabited)

• सुरैः (suraiḥ) - by the gods

Words meanings and morphology

एतस्मात् (etasmāt) - for this reason (from this)

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

कारणात् (kāraṇāt) - for this reason (from a cause, from a reason)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, instrument

Root: kṛ (class 8)

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahmin (O Brahmin, O Brāhmaṇa)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahmin, Vedic text, ultimate reality (brahman)

Root: bṛh (class 1)

पूर्वा (pūrvā) - Eastern (eastern, former, prior)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pūrva

pūrva - eastern, former, prior

इति (iti) - thus, (indicating a name) (thus, so, indicates direct speech or quoted thought)

(indeclinable)

particle marking citation or conclusion

एषा (eṣā) - this (direction) (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this

demonstrative pronoun

दिक् (dik) - direction (direction, quarter)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of diś

diś - direction, quarter, point of the compass

Root: diś (class 6)

उच्यते (ucyate) - is called (is called, is said, is spoken)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

Present passive stem from √vac; irregularities exist

Root: vac (class 2)

यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because (from which, because)

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

relative pronoun

पूर्वतरे (pūrvatare) - in earlier times (in earlier, more ancient (time))

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of pūrvatara

pūrvatara - more former, earlier, more ancient

Comparative degree of pūrva

काले (kāle) - in times (in time, at the time)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season

Root: kal (class 1)

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly (formerly, before)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially here.

एषा (eṣā) - this (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this

demonstrative pronoun

आवृता (āvṛtā) - inhabited (covered, surrounded, inhabited)

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of āvṛta

āvṛta - covered, surrounded, inhabited

Past Passive Participle

Derived from ā- + √vṛ (to cover, enclose)

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

सुरैः (suraiḥ) - by the gods

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sura

sura - god, deity

Root: sṛ (class 1)