महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-106, verse-3

यस्यामुदयते पूर्वं सर्वलोकप्रभावनः ।
सविता यत्र संध्यायां साध्यानां वर्तते तपः ॥३॥

3. yasyāmudayate pūrvaṁ sarvalokaprabhāvanaḥ ,
savitā yatra saṁdhyāyāṁ sādhyānāṁ vartate tapaḥ.

3. yasyām udayate pūrvam sarvalokaprabhāvanaḥ |
savitā yatra saṃdhyāyām sādhyānām vartate tapaḥ

3. (Tell me that direction) "in which the sun (savitā), the illuminator of all worlds, first rises; and where, at twilight, the austerities (tapas) of the Sādhyas are performed."

Words meanings summery:

• यस्याम् (yasyām) - in which direction (in which (feminine))

• उदयते (udayate) - rises, ascends

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first, previously, in the beginning

• सर्वलोकप्रभावनः (sarvalokaprabhāvanaḥ) - the sun, as the illuminator of all worlds (the creator/illuminator of all worlds)

• सविता (savitā) - the sun god (the sun, the stimulator, the prompter)

• यत्र (yatra) - where, in which place

• संध्यायाम् (saṁdhyāyām) - at evening twilight (in the twilight, at the junction of day and night)

• साध्यानाम् (sādhyānām) - of the Sādhyas (a class of celestial beings) (of the Sādhyas)

• वर्तते (vartate) - is, exists, is performed

• तपः (tapaḥ) - religious austerities or practices (austerity, penance, heat)

Words meanings and morphology

यस्याम् (yasyām) - in which direction (in which (feminine))

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Refers to 'diś' (direction)

उदयते (udayate) - rises, ascends

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of uday

Present Middle

Root 'i' (to go) with upasarga 'ud' (up), present tense, 3rd person singular, Ātmanepada

Prefix: ud

Root: i (class 2)

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first, previously, in the beginning

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an adverb here

सर्वलोकप्रभावनः (sarvalokaprabhāvanaḥ) - the sun, as the illuminator of all worlds (the creator/illuminator of all worlds)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarvalokaprabhāvana

sarvalokaprabhāvana - illuminator/creator of all worlds

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarvaloka+prabhāvana)

• sarvaloka – all worlds, the whole world
  noun (masculine)
• prabhāvana – causing to shine, illuminating, exciting, producing
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from √bhū with pra- (causative meaning)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Compound modifying 'savitā'

सविता (savitā) - the sun god (the sun, the stimulator, the prompter)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of savitṛ

savitṛ - the sun, stimulator, generator, prompter

Agent noun

Derived from √sū (to impel, stimulate)

Root: sū (class 2)

यत्र (yatra) - where, in which place

(indeclinable)

संध्यायाम् (saṁdhyāyām) - at evening twilight (in the twilight, at the junction of day and night)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of saṃdhyā

saṁdhyā - twilight, evening, morning, junction of day and night, period of transition

साध्यानाम् (sādhyānām) - of the Sādhyas (a class of celestial beings) (of the Sādhyas)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sādhya

sādhya - to be accomplished, to be effected; a class of celestial beings or demigods

Gerundive

Derived from √sādh (to accomplish); used as a proper noun here

Root: sādh (class 5)

वर्तते (vartate) - is, exists, is performed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of vṛt

Present Middle

Root 'vṛt', present tense, 3rd person singular, Ātmanepada

Root: vṛt (class 1)

तपः (tapaḥ) - religious austerities or practices (austerity, penance, heat)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, warmth, religious austerity, penance, meditation