महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-3, verse-18

सुदेष्णां प्रत्युपस्थास्ये राजभार्यां यशस्विनीम् ।
सा रक्षिष्यति मां प्राप्तां मा ते भूद्दुःखमीदृशम् ॥१८॥

18. sudeṣṇāṁ pratyupasthāsye rājabhāryāṁ yaśasvinīm ,
sā rakṣiṣyati māṁ prāptāṁ mā te bhūdduḥkhamīdṛśam.

18. sudeṣṇām prati upasthāsye rājabhāryām yaśasvinīm sā
rakṣiṣyati mām prāptām mā te bhūt duḥkham īdṛśam

18. I shall approach and serve Sudeshna, the glorious queen. She will protect me when I have reached her. May such sorrow not befall you.

Words meanings summery:

• सुदेष्णाम् (sudeṣṇām) - Queen Sudeshna, wife of King Virata (Sudeshna (proper noun))

• प्रति (prati) - towards, to (towards, to, against, in front of)

• उपस्थास्ये (upasthāsye) - I shall approach and serve (I shall attend, I shall stand near, I shall approach)

• राजभार्याम् (rājabhāryām) - queen, royal wife

• यशस्विनीम् (yaśasvinīm) - glorious, famous, illustrious

• सा (sā) - She (Sudeshna) (she, that (feminine))

• रक्षिष्यति (rakṣiṣyati) - will protect, will guard

• माम् (mām) - me

• प्राप्ताम् (prāptām) - when I have arrived (at her presence) (having reached, having arrived, obtained)

• मा (mā) - not (prohibitive)

• ते (te) - for you (to you, for you, your)

• भूत् (bhūt) - may it befall (may it be, let it be, it should be)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, pain, unhappiness

• ईदृशम् (īdṛśam) - such, of this kind

Words meanings and morphology

सुदेष्णाम् (sudeṣṇām) - Queen Sudeshna, wife of King Virata (Sudeshna (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sudeṣṇā

sudeṣṇā - Sudeshna (name of Virata's queen)

Note: Object of 'upasthāsye' (implicitly governed by 'prati-upa-sthā').

प्रति (prati) - towards, to (towards, to, against, in front of)

(indeclinable)

Can function as an upasarga or a preposition governing accusative.

उपस्थास्ये (upasthāsye) - I shall approach and serve (I shall attend, I shall stand near, I shall approach)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, future (lṛṭ) of upasthā

Future middle 1st singular of root 'sthā' (to stand) with prefixes 'upa' and 'prati'.

Prefixes: prati+upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'aham' (I), implied.

राजभार्याम् (rājabhāryām) - queen, royal wife

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rājabhāryā

rājabhāryā - king's wife, queen

Compound of 'rājan' (king) and 'bhāryā' (wife).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+bhāryā)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• bhāryā – wife
  noun (feminine)
  Gerundive
  From root 'bhṛ' (to bear, support), meaning 'to be supported/maintained', hence wife.
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: In apposition to 'sudeṣṇām'.

यशस्विनीम् (yaśasvinīm) - glorious, famous, illustrious

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of yaśasvinī

yaśasvinī - glorious, famous, illustrious, possessing renown

Feminine form of 'yaśasvin'. Derived from 'yaśas' (fame, glory).

Note: Qualifies 'sudeṣṇām' and 'rājabhāryām'.

सा (sā) - She (Sudeshna) (she, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of 'rakṣiṣyati'.

रक्षिष्यति (rakṣiṣyati) - will protect, will guard

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of rakṣ

Future active 3rd singular of root 'rakṣ'.

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person pronoun.

Note: Object of 'rakṣiṣyati'.

प्राप्ताम् (prāptām) - when I have arrived (at her presence) (having reached, having arrived, obtained)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - reached, attained, obtained, arrived, met with

Past Passive Participle

From prefix 'pra' + root 'āp' (to obtain, reach).

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Adjectivally qualifies 'mām', indicating the state or condition.

मा (mā) - not (prohibitive)

(indeclinable)

Particle used with injunctive for prohibition.

ते (te) - for you (to you, for you, your)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular)

Dative/Genitive singular of 'yuṣmad'.

भूत् (bhūt) - may it befall (may it be, let it be, it should be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of bhū

Aorist active 3rd singular, used as injunctive for prohibitive 'mā'.

Root: bhū (class 1)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, pain, unhappiness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, pain, unhappiness

Derived from 'dus' (bad) + 'kha' (opening/space, perhaps wheel-hole).

ईदृशम् (īdṛśam) - such, of this kind

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of īdṛśa

īdṛśa - such, of this kind, like this

Formed from 'idam' (this) + 'dṛś' (to see).

Note: Qualifies 'duḥkham'.