महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-67, verse-21

ते पुराणि सराष्ट्राणि ग्रामान्घोषांस्तथाश्रमान् ।
अन्वेषन्तो नलं राजन्नाधिजग्मुर्द्विजातयः ॥२१॥

21. te purāṇi sarāṣṭrāṇi grāmānghoṣāṁstathāśramān ,
anveṣanto nalaṁ rājannādhijagmurdvijātayaḥ.

21. te purāṇi sarāṣṭrāṇi grāmān ghoṣān tathā āśramān
anveṣantaḥ nalam rājan na adhi-jagmuḥ dvijātayaḥ

21. O king, those twice-born (dvijātayaḥ), searching for Nala, did not find him in the cities with their kingdoms, nor in the villages, pastoral settlements, and hermitages (āśrama).

21. הם חיפשו את נַלַה, הו מלך, בערים וברחבי הממלכות, בכפרים, בישובי הרועים ובמשכנות הנזירים, אך הבְּרַהְמִינים לא מצאו אותו.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those, they

• पुराणि (purāṇi) - cities, towns

• सराष्ट्राणि (sarāṣṭrāṇi) - with their kingdoms, along with countries

• ग्रामान् (grāmān) - villages

• घोषान् (ghoṣān) - cow-pens, pastoral settlements

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, and

• आश्रमान् (āśramān) - hermitages, ascetic retreats

• अन्वेषन्तः (anveṣantaḥ) - searching, seeking

• नलम् (nalam) - Nala

• राजन् (rājan) - The narrator addressing King Yudhiṣṭhira (implied context of Mahabharata) (O king)

• न (na) - not, no

• अधि-जग्मुः (adhi-jagmuḥ) - they found, they reached, they went to

• द्विजातयः (dvijātayaḥ) - The Brahmins who were sent to search for Nala. (Brahmins, the twice-born)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the Brahmins.

पुराणि (purāṇi) - cities, towns

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of pura

pura - city, town, fortress

सराष्ट्राणि (sarāṣṭrāṇi) - with their kingdoms, along with countries

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of sarāṣṭra

sarāṣṭra - with a kingdom, along with a country

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+rāṣṭra)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, country, realm
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies `purāṇi`.

ग्रामान् (grāmān) - villages

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of grāma

grāma - village, community

घोषान् (ghoṣān) - cow-pens, pastoral settlements

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ghoṣa

ghoṣa - cow-pen, herdsmen's station, pastoral settlement

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, and

(indeclinable)

आश्रमान् (āśramān) - hermitages, ascetic retreats

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of āśrama

āśrama - hermitage, ascetic retreat, a stage of life (āśrama)

Prefix: ā

Root: śram (class 4)

अन्वेषन्तः (anveṣantaḥ) - searching, seeking

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anveṣat

anveṣat - searching, seeking, investigating

Present Active Participle

Derived from verb root `iṣ` (to seek) with prefixes `anu-` and `vi-`

Prefixes: anu+vi

Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Qualifies `dvijātayaḥ`.

नलम् (nalam) - Nala

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nala

nala - Nala (name of a king, hero of Nala and Damayanti story)

राजन् (rājan) - The narrator addressing King Yudhiṣṭhira (implied context of Mahabharata) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अधि-जग्मुः (adhi-jagmuḥ) - they found, they reached, they went to

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of adhi-gam

Perfect 3rd person plural active

Prefix: adhi

Root: gam (class 1)

द्विजातयः (dvijātayaḥ) - The Brahmins who were sent to search for Nala. (Brahmins, the twice-born)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvijāti

dvijāti - a Brahmin, a member of the three upper castes (twice-born), a bird, a tooth

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvi+jāti)

• dvi – two, twice
  indeclinable
• jāti – birth, origin, caste, species
  noun (feminine)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to the Brahmins mentioned in the previous verse.

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