महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-67, verse-21

ते पुराणि सराष्ट्राणि ग्रामान्घोषांस्तथाश्रमान् ।
अन्वेषन्तो नलं राजन्नाधिजग्मुर्द्विजातयः ॥२१॥

21. te purāṇi sarāṣṭrāṇi grāmānghoṣāṁstathāśramān ,
anveṣanto nalaṁ rājannādhijagmurdvijātayaḥ.

21. te purāṇi sarāṣṭrāṇi grāmān ghoṣān tathā āśramān
anveṣantaḥ nalam rājan na adhi-jagmuḥ dvijātayaḥ

21. O king, those twice-born (dvijātayaḥ), searching for Nala, did not find him in the cities with their kingdoms, nor in the villages, pastoral settlements, and hermitages (āśrama).

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those, they

• पुराणि (purāṇi) - cities, towns

• सराष्ट्राणि (sarāṣṭrāṇi) - with their kingdoms, along with countries

• ग्रामान् (grāmān) - villages

• घोषान् (ghoṣān) - cow-pens, pastoral settlements

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, and

• आश्रमान् (āśramān) - hermitages, ascetic retreats

• अन्वेषन्तः (anveṣantaḥ) - searching, seeking

• नलम् (nalam) - Nala

• राजन् (rājan) - The narrator addressing King Yudhiṣṭhira (implied context of Mahabharata) (O king)

• न (na) - not, no

• अधि-जग्मुः (adhi-jagmuḥ) - they found, they reached, they went to

• द्विजातयः (dvijātayaḥ) - The Brahmins who were sent to search for Nala. (Brahmins, the twice-born)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the Brahmins.

पुराणि (purāṇi) - cities, towns

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of pura

pura - city, town, fortress

सराष्ट्राणि (sarāṣṭrāṇi) - with their kingdoms, along with countries

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of sarāṣṭra

sarāṣṭra - with a kingdom, along with a country

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+rāṣṭra)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, country, realm
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies `purāṇi`.

ग्रामान् (grāmān) - villages

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of grāma

grāma - village, community

घोषान् (ghoṣān) - cow-pens, pastoral settlements

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ghoṣa

ghoṣa - cow-pen, herdsmen's station, pastoral settlement

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, and

(indeclinable)

आश्रमान् (āśramān) - hermitages, ascetic retreats

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of āśrama

āśrama - hermitage, ascetic retreat, a stage of life (āśrama)

Prefix: ā

Root: śram (class 4)

अन्वेषन्तः (anveṣantaḥ) - searching, seeking

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anveṣat

anveṣat - searching, seeking, investigating

Present Active Participle

Derived from verb root `iṣ` (to seek) with prefixes `anu-` and `vi-`

Prefixes: anu+vi

Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Qualifies `dvijātayaḥ`.

नलम् (nalam) - Nala

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nala

nala - Nala (name of a king, hero of Nala and Damayanti story)

राजन् (rājan) - The narrator addressing King Yudhiṣṭhira (implied context of Mahabharata) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अधि-जग्मुः (adhi-jagmuḥ) - they found, they reached, they went to

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of adhi-gam

Perfect 3rd person plural active

Prefix: adhi

Root: gam (class 1)

द्विजातयः (dvijātayaḥ) - The Brahmins who were sent to search for Nala. (Brahmins, the twice-born)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvijāti

dvijāti - a Brahmin, a member of the three upper castes (twice-born), a bird, a tooth

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvi+jāti)

• dvi – two, twice
  indeclinable
• jāti – birth, origin, caste, species
  noun (feminine)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to the Brahmins mentioned in the previous verse.