महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-56, verse-18

तथा तदभवद्द्यूतं पुष्करस्य नलस्य च ।
युधिष्ठिर बहून्मासान्पुण्यश्लोकस्त्वजीयत ॥१८॥

18. tathā tadabhavaddyūtaṁ puṣkarasya nalasya ca ,
yudhiṣṭhira bahūnmāsānpuṇyaślokastvajīyata.

18. tathā tat abhavat dyūtam puṣkarasya nalasya ca
yudhiṣṭhira bahūn māsān puṇyaślokaḥ tu ajīyata

18. O Yudhiṣṭhira, that dice game between Puṣkara and Nala thus took place. For many months, Nala, the one of virtuous fame, was indeed defeated.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• तत् (tat) - that (well-known) (that (neuter singular nominative/accusative))

• अभवत् (abhavat) - it happened, it occurred, it became

• द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - dice game, gambling

• पुष्करस्य (puṣkarasya) - of Puṣkara

• नलस्य (nalasya) - of Nala

• च (ca) - and

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira

• बहून् (bahūn) - many

• मासान् (māsān) - months

• पुण्यश्लोकः (puṇyaślokaḥ) - the king Nala, known for his virtuous fame (of virtuous fame, whose fame is sacred)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• अजीयत (ajīyata) - was conquered, was defeated, lost

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that (well-known) (that (neuter singular nominative/accusative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to dyūtam.

अभवत् (abhavat) - it happened, it occurred, it became

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject is dyūtam.

द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - dice game, gambling

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - dice game, gambling, game of chance

past passive participle used as noun

from root div (to play, gamble)

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Subject of abhavat.

पुष्करस्य (puṣkarasya) - of Puṣkara

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of puṣkara

puṣkara - Puṣkara (proper name), lotus, tip of an elephant's trunk

Note: Possessive, indicating one of the parties in the dice game.

नलस्य (nalasya) - of Nala

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nala

nala - Nala (proper name), a kind of reed

Note: Possessive, indicating one of the parties in the dice game.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name), steady in battle

Compound: yudhi (in battle) + sthira (firm)

Note: The narrator (Vaisampayana) is addressing Yudhiṣṭhira.

बहून् (bahūn) - many

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, abundant

Note: Agrees with māsān.

मासान् (māsān) - months

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of māsa

māsa - month

Note: Indicates duration.

पुण्यश्लोकः (puṇyaślokaḥ) - the king Nala, known for his virtuous fame (of virtuous fame, whose fame is sacred)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puṇyaśloka

puṇyaśloka - of sacred fame, renowned for virtue, famous

Compound: puṇya (virtuous) + śloka (fame)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (puṇya+śloka)

• puṇya – virtuous, meritorious, sacred, good
  adjective
• śloka – fame, reputation, verse, hymn
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for Nala, the subject of ajīyata.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

अजीयत (ajīyata) - was conquered, was defeated, lost

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, past imperfect (laṅ) of jī

passive voice form

Root: jī (class 1)