महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-56, verse-18

तथा तदभवद्द्यूतं पुष्करस्य नलस्य च ।
युधिष्ठिर बहून्मासान्पुण्यश्लोकस्त्वजीयत ॥१८॥

18. tathā tadabhavaddyūtaṁ puṣkarasya nalasya ca ,
yudhiṣṭhira bahūnmāsānpuṇyaślokastvajīyata.

18. tathā tat abhavat dyūtam puṣkarasya nalasya ca
yudhiṣṭhira bahūn māsān puṇyaślokaḥ tu ajīyata

18. O Yudhiṣṭhira, that dice game between Puṣkara and Nala thus took place. For many months, Nala, the one of virtuous fame, was indeed defeated.

18. הו יוּדְהִישְׁתְהִירַה, כך נמשך משחק הקוביות בין פּוּשְׁקַרַה לנַלַה, ובמשך חודשים רבים הפסיד פּוּנְיַשְׁלוֹקַה.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• तत् (tat) - that (well-known) (that (neuter singular nominative/accusative))

• अभवत् (abhavat) - it happened, it occurred, it became

• द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - dice game, gambling

• पुष्करस्य (puṣkarasya) - of Puṣkara

• नलस्य (nalasya) - of Nala

• च (ca) - and

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira

• बहून् (bahūn) - many

• मासान् (māsān) - months

• पुण्यश्लोकः (puṇyaślokaḥ) - the king Nala, known for his virtuous fame (of virtuous fame, whose fame is sacred)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• अजीयत (ajīyata) - was conquered, was defeated, lost

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that (well-known) (that (neuter singular nominative/accusative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to dyūtam.

अभवत् (abhavat) - it happened, it occurred, it became

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject is dyūtam.

द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - dice game, gambling

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - dice game, gambling, game of chance

past passive participle used as noun

from root div (to play, gamble)

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Subject of abhavat.

पुष्करस्य (puṣkarasya) - of Puṣkara

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of puṣkara

puṣkara - Puṣkara (proper name), lotus, tip of an elephant's trunk

Note: Possessive, indicating one of the parties in the dice game.

नलस्य (nalasya) - of Nala

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nala

nala - Nala (proper name), a kind of reed

Note: Possessive, indicating one of the parties in the dice game.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name), steady in battle

Compound: yudhi (in battle) + sthira (firm)

Note: The narrator (Vaisampayana) is addressing Yudhiṣṭhira.

बहून् (bahūn) - many

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, abundant

Note: Agrees with māsān.

मासान् (māsān) - months

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of māsa

māsa - month

Note: Indicates duration.

पुण्यश्लोकः (puṇyaślokaḥ) - the king Nala, known for his virtuous fame (of virtuous fame, whose fame is sacred)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puṇyaśloka

puṇyaśloka - of sacred fame, renowned for virtue, famous

Compound: puṇya (virtuous) + śloka (fame)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (puṇya+śloka)

• puṇya – virtuous, meritorious, sacred, good
  adjective
• śloka – fame, reputation, verse, hymn
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for Nala, the subject of ajīyata.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

अजीयत (ajīyata) - was conquered, was defeated, lost

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, past imperfect (laṅ) of jī

passive voice form

Root: jī (class 1)

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