महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-56, verse-17

ततस्ते मन्त्रिणः सर्वे ते चैव पुरवासिनः ।
नायमस्तीति दुःखार्ता व्रीडिता जग्मुरालयान् ॥१७॥

17. tataste mantriṇaḥ sarve te caiva puravāsinaḥ ,
nāyamastīti duḥkhārtā vrīḍitā jagmurālayān.

17. tataḥ te mantriṇaḥ sarve te ca eva puravāsinaḥ na
ayam asti iti duḥkhārtāḥ vrīḍitāḥ jagmuḥ ālayān

17. Then all those ministers and the citizens, distressed by sorrow and ashamed, thinking 'this is not the king we know' (or 'he is not himself'), went back to their homes.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• ते (te) - those (masculine plural nominative)

• मन्त्रिणः (mantriṇaḥ) - the ministers

• सर्वे (sarve) - all

• ते (te) - those (masculine plural nominative)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, very

• पुरवासिनः (puravāsinaḥ) - the city dwellers, citizens

• न (na) - not

• अयम् (ayam) - this (king) (this one (masculine singular nominative))

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• इति (iti) - thus, so

• दुःखार्ताः (duḥkhārtāḥ) - distressed by sorrow, grieved

• व्रीडिताः (vrīḍitāḥ) - ashamed, embarrassed

• जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they went

• आलयान् (ālayān) - to their homes

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - those (masculine plural nominative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the previously mentioned ministers.

मन्त्रिणः (mantriṇaḥ) - the ministers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mantrin

mantrin - minister, counselor

सर्वे (sarve) - all

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with mantriṇaḥ.

ते (te) - those (masculine plural nominative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the citizens.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, very

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic.

पुरवासिनः (puravāsinaḥ) - the city dwellers, citizens

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puravāsin

puravāsin - city dweller, inhabitant of a city, citizen

Compound: pura (city) + vāsin (dweller)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pura+vāsin)

• pura – city, town
  noun (neuter)
• vāsin – dweller, inhabitant
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun from root vas
  Root: vas (class 1)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Part of the direct speech.

अयम् (ayam) - this (king) (this one (masculine singular nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to King Nala.

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Part of the direct speech 'na ayam asti' ('this is not him' or 'he is not present/himself').

इति (iti) - thus, so

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the end of the direct speech or thought.

दुःखार्ताः (duḥkhārtāḥ) - distressed by sorrow, grieved

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of duḥkhārta

duḥkhārta - distressed by sorrow, afflicted with pain

Compound: duḥkha (sorrow) + ārta (afflicted)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+ārta)

• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, pained
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  from ā-ṛ (to go, to move) used in sense of being afflicted
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Agrees with mantriṇaḥ and puravāsinaḥ. The Devanagari `दुःखार्ता` shows visarga elision.

व्रीडिताः (vrīḍitāḥ) - ashamed, embarrassed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vrīḍita

vrīḍita - ashamed, embarrassed, bashful

past passive participle

from root vrīḍ (to be ashamed)

Root: vrīḍ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with mantriṇaḥ and puravāsinaḥ. The Devanagari `व्रीडिता` shows visarga elision.

जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they went

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

आलयान् (ālayān) - to their homes

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ālaya

ālaya - house, dwelling, abode

from ā-lī (to cling, reside)

Prefix: ā

Root: lī (class 4)

Note: Object of jagmuḥ.