महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-26, verse-18

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तमेवमुक्त्वा वचनं महर्षिस्तपस्विमध्ये सहितं सुहृद्भिः ।
आमन्त्र्य धौम्यं सहितांश्च पार्थांस्ततः प्रतस्थे दिशमुत्तरां सः ॥१८॥

18. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tamevamuktvā vacanaṁ maharṣi;stapasvimadhye sahitaṁ suhṛdbhiḥ ,
āmantrya dhaumyaṁ sahitāṁśca pārthāṁ;stataḥ pratasthe diśamuttarāṁ saḥ.

18. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca tam evam uktvā vacanam
maharṣiḥ tapasvimadhye sahitam
suhṛdbhiḥ āmantrya dhaumyam sahitān ca
pārthān tataḥ pratasthe diśam uttarām saḥ

18. Vaiśampāyana said: The great sage, being amidst ascetics, having spoken these words to him who was accompanied by his friends, then bid farewell to Dhaumya and the Pārthas (sons of Pṛthā) who were with him, and set out towards the northern direction.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator, Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to one of the Pārthas or a representative) (him, that)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, such

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

• महर्षिः (maharṣiḥ) - the great sage (likely referring to the sage Mārkaṇḍeya or a similar revered figure mentioned in context, but not explicitly named here) (great sage, a revered seer)

• तपस्विमध्ये (tapasvimadhye) - in the midst of ascetics, among hermits

• सहित्áम् (sahitám) - accompanied by his friends (referring to 'him') (accompanied, joined, together with)

• सुहृद्भिः (suhṛdbhiḥ) - by friends, with well-wishers

• आमन्त्र्य (āmantrya) - having bid farewell, having invited, having addressed

• धौम्यम् (dhaumyam) - the priest Dhaumya (Dhaumya)

• सहितान् (sahitān) - who were with him (the great sage) (accompanied, joined, being with)

• च (ca) - and, also

• पार्थान् (pārthān) - the Pārthas (the sons of Pṛthā, i.e., the Pāṇḍavas) (the Pārthas)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, therefore

• प्रतस्थे (pratasthe) - set out, departed, went forth

• दिशम् (diśam) - direction, quarter

• उत्तराम् (uttarām) - the northern direction (northern, upper, later)

• सः (saḥ) - he (the great sage) (he, that)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator, Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Name of a sage, a disciple of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of uvāca

Perfect Active

From root vac, perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

तम् (tam) - him (referring to one of the Pārthas or a representative) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, such

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root vac with suffix -tvā

Root: vac (class 2)

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speech, word, statement

Root: vac (class 2)

महर्षिः (maharṣiḥ) - the great sage (likely referring to the sage Mārkaṇḍeya or a similar revered figure mentioned in context, but not explicitly named here) (great sage, a revered seer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of maharṣi

maharṣi - great sage, revered seer

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ṛṣi)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ṛṣi – seer, sage, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣ (class 1)

तपस्विमध्ये (tapasvimadhye) - in the midst of ascetics, among hermits

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tapasvimadhye

tapasvimadhya - the midst of ascetics

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tapasvin+madhya)

• tapasvin – ascetic, penitent, hermit
  noun (masculine)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• madhya – middle, center, midst
  noun (neuter)

सहित्áम् (sahitám) - accompanied by his friends (referring to 'him') (accompanied, joined, together with)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sahita

sahita - accompanied, joined, endowed with

Past Passive Participle

Formed from the root sah (to bear, endure) with suffix -ta, and prefix sa- (with)

Prefix: sa

Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tam' (him)

सुहृद्भिः (suhṛdbhiḥ) - by friends, with well-wishers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of suhṛd

suhṛd - friend, well-wisher

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+hṛd)

• su – good, well
  indeclinable
• hṛd – heart, mind
  noun (neuter)

आमन्त्र्य (āmantrya) - having bid farewell, having invited, having addressed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root mantr with prefix ā-, and suffix -ya

Prefix: ā

Root: mantr (class 10)

धौम्यम् (dhaumyam) - the priest Dhaumya (Dhaumya)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhaumya

dhaumya - Name of the priest of the Pāṇḍavas

सहितान् (sahitān) - who were with him (the great sage) (accompanied, joined, being with)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sahita

sahita - accompanied, joined, endowed with

Past Passive Participle

Formed from the root sah (to bear, endure) with suffix -ta, and prefix sa- (with)

Prefix: sa

Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'pārthān'

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पार्थान् (pārthān) - the Pārthas (the sons of Pṛthā, i.e., the Pāṇḍavas) (the Pārthas)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), an epithet for the Pāṇḍavas, especially Arjuna

Derived from Pṛthā with a patronymic suffix

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, therefore

(indeclinable)

प्रतस्थे (pratasthe) - set out, departed, went forth

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (lit) of pratasthā

Perfect Middle

From root sthā with prefix pra-, perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Prefix: pra

Root: sthā (class 1)

दिशम् (diśam) - direction, quarter

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky

Root: diś (class 6)

उत्तराम् (uttarām) - the northern direction (northern, upper, later)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of uttara

uttara - northern, upper, later, subsequent, superior

सः (saḥ) - he (the great sage) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it