महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-26, verse-12

अलर्कमाहुर्नरवर्य सन्तं सत्यव्रतं काशिकरूषराजम् ।
विहाय राष्ट्राणि वसूनि चैव नेशे बलस्येति चरेदधर्मम् ॥१२॥

12. alarkamāhurnaravarya santaṁ; satyavrataṁ kāśikarūṣarājam ,
vihāya rāṣṭrāṇi vasūni caiva; neśe balasyeti caredadharmam.

12. alarkam āhuḥ naravarya santam
satyavratam kāśikakarūṣarājam
vihāya rāṣṭrāṇi vasūni ca eva
na īśe balasya iti caret adharmam

12. O best of men, they call Alarka, the truthful King of Kāśi and Karūṣa, a virtuous man. He, too, abandoned kingdoms and wealth, embodying the principle that one should not resort to unrighteousness (adharma) by saying, 'I am not master of my power (bala).'

Words meanings summery:

• अलर्कम् (alarkam) - Alarka (name of a king)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they call

• नरवर्य (naravarya) - O best of men, O excellent man

• सन्तम् (santam) - virtuous, good, existing

• सत्यव्रतम् (satyavratam) - truthful in vows, devoted to truth

• काशिककरूषराजम् (kāśikakarūṣarājam) - King of Kāśi and Karūṣa

• विहाय (vihāya) - having abandoned, having left

• राष्ट्राणि (rāṣṭrāṇi) - kingdoms, territories

• वसूनि (vasūni) - wealth, riches

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, also, even

• न (na) - not

• ईशे (īśe) - I am master, I am capable

• बलस्य (balasya) - of power, of strength

• इति (iti) - thus, saying, thinking

• चरेत् (caret) - one should act, one should do

• अधर्मम् (adharmam) - unrighteousness, unrighteous act

Words meanings and morphology

अलर्कम् (alarkam) - Alarka (name of a king)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of alarka

alarka - Alarka (name of a king, son of Dyumatsena)

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they call

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of ah

Root: ah (class 2)

Note: Used here in a present tense sense: 'they call'

नरवर्य (naravarya) - O best of men, O excellent man

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naravarya

naravarya - best of men, excellent man

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+varya)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• varya – excellent, best, chosen
  adjective

सन्तम् (santam) - virtuous, good, existing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, virtuous, noble

Present Active Participle

Present participle of the root 'as' (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

सत्यव्रतम् (satyavratam) - truthful in vows, devoted to truth

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of satyavrata

satyavrata - one whose vows are truth, devoted to truth, faithful to promises

Compound type : bahuvrihi (satya+vrata)

• satya – truth, reality
  noun (neuter)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)

काशिककरूषराजम् (kāśikakarūṣarājam) - King of Kāśi and Karūṣa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāśikakarūṣarāja

kāśikakarūṣarāja - king of the Kashi and Karusha regions

Compound type : dvandva-tatpurusha (kāśika+karūṣa+rājan)

• kāśika – belonging to Kāśi (Varanasi)
  adjective
• karūṣa – Karūṣa (name of a country or people)
  proper noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

विहाय (vihāya) - having abandoned, having left

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Gerund from root 'hā' with prefix 'vi'

Prefix: vi

Root: hā (class 3)

राष्ट्राणि (rāṣṭrāṇi) - kingdoms, territories

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of rāṣṭra

rāṣṭra - kingdom, realm, country, territory

वसूनि (vasūni) - wealth, riches

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of vasu

vasu - wealth, riches, treasure, good things

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, also, even

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

ईशे (īśe) - I am master, I am capable

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of īś

Root: īś (class 2)

बलस्य (balasya) - of power, of strength

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, might

इति (iti) - thus, saying, thinking

(indeclinable)

चरेत् (caret) - one should act, one should do

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of car

Root: car (class 1)

अधर्मम् (adharmam) - unrighteousness, unrighteous act

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, impiety, what is contrary to natural law (dharma)

Compound type : Nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)