महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-143, verse-8

न स्म प्रज्ञायते किंचिदावृते व्योम्नि रेणुना ।
न चापि शेकुस्ते कर्तुमन्योन्यस्याभिभाषणम् ॥८॥

8. na sma prajñāyate kiṁcidāvṛte vyomni reṇunā ,
na cāpi śekuste kartumanyonyasyābhibhāṣaṇam.

8. na sma prajñāyate kiṃcit āvṛte vyomni reṇunā na
ca api śekuḥ te kartum anyonyasya abhibhāṣaṇam

8. Nothing at all could be discerned in the sky, which was covered by dust. Nor were they able to converse with each other.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• स्म (sma) - particle indicating past tense with present tense verb

• प्रज्ञायते (prajñāyate) - was known, could be discerned (with 'sma') (is known, is discerned)

• किंचित् (kiṁcit) - something, anything

• आवृते (āvṛte) - covered, enveloped

• व्योम्नि (vyomni) - in the sky, in the atmosphere

• रेणुना (reṇunā) - by the dust

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even

• शेकुः (śekuḥ) - they were able

• ते (te) - those, they

• कर्तुम् (kartum) - to engage in (conversation) (to do, to make, to perform)

• अन्योन्यस्य (anyonyasya) - of each other, mutual

• अभिभाषणम् (abhibhāṣaṇam) - speaking, conversation, addressing

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

स्म (sma) - particle indicating past tense with present tense verb

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'prajñāyate' to form past meaning

प्रज्ञायते (prajñāyate) - was known, could be discerned (with 'sma') (is known, is discerned)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of √jñā

Present tense, 3rd person singular, passive voice

From root √jñā (class 9) with prefix pra, passive stem 'jñāya'

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

किंचित् (kiṁcit) - something, anything

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kiṃcid

kiṁcid - something, anything, a little, perhaps

Compound of 'kim' (what) + 'cid' (a particle forming indefinite pronouns)

Note: Subject of 'prajñāyate'

आवृते (āvṛte) - covered, enveloped

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of āvṛta

āvṛta - covered, enveloped, surrounded, screened

Past Passive Participle

From root √vṛ (to cover) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Forms a locative absolute construction with 'vyomni'

व्योम्नि (vyomni) - in the sky, in the atmosphere

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vyoman

vyoman - sky, atmosphere, ether, space

From √vi (to go, move) or √ve (to weave, expand)

Note: Forms a locative absolute construction with 'āvṛte'

रेणुना (reṇunā) - by the dust

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of reṇu

reṇu - dust, pollen, sand, atomic particle

Note: Agent of passive participle 'āvṛte'

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

शेकुः (śekuḥ) - they were able

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of √śak

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural

Reduplicated past tense (Perfect)

Root: śak (class 5)

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Subject of 'śekuḥ'

कर्तुम् (kartum) - to engage in (conversation) (to do, to make, to perform)

(infinitive)

अन्योन्यस्य (anyonyasya) - of each other, mutual

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of anyonya

anyonya - each other, mutual, reciprocal

Compound of 'anya' (another) + 'anya'

Note: Qualifies 'abhibhāṣaṇam' as 'speaking of each other' or 'speaking with each other'

अभिभाषणम् (abhibhāṣaṇam) - speaking, conversation, addressing

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of abhibhāṣaṇa

abhibhāṣaṇa - speaking, conversation, address, discourse

Action noun

From root √bhāṣ (to speak) with prefix abhi

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)