महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-140, verse-17

ततो महात्मा यमजौ समेत्य मूर्धन्युपाघ्राय विमृज्य गात्रे ।
उवाच तौ बाष्पकलं स राजा मा भैष्टमागच्छतमप्रमत्तौ ॥१७॥

17. tato mahātmā yamajau sametya; mūrdhanyupāghrāya vimṛjya gātre ,
uvāca tau bāṣpakalaṁ sa rājā; mā bhaiṣṭamāgacchatamapramattau.

17. tataḥ mahātmā yamajau sametya
mūrdhani upāghrāya vimṛjya gātre
uvāca tau bāṣpakalam sa rājā mā
bhaiṣṭam āgacchatam apramattau

17. Then, that great-souled king, having met the twins, embraced them by kissing their heads and stroking their bodies. Tearfully, he said to them: "Do not fear! Come here vigilantly."

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• महात्मा (mahātmā) - (referring to the king, Yudhiṣṭhira) (the great-souled one, noble, venerable)

• यमजौ (yamajau) - the twin brothers, Nakula and Sahadeva (the twins)

• समेत्य (sametya) - having met, having approached

• मूर्धनि (mūrdhani) - on the head, in the head

• उपाघ्राय (upāghrāya) - having kissed (their heads) (having smelled, having kissed (a customary greeting))

• विमृज्य (vimṛjya) - having stroked (their bodies) (having stroked, having wiped, having cleaned)

• गात्रे (gātre) - the bodies (of the two twins) (the limbs, the bodies)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तौ (tau) - to the twins (to them (dual), those two)

• बाष्पकलम् (bāṣpakalam) - choked with tears, tearfully, with suppressed tears

• स (sa) - that

• राजा (rājā) - King Yudhiṣṭhira (king)

• मा (mā) - do not, not

• भैष्टम् (bhaiṣṭam) - do not fear

• आगच्छतम् (āgacchatam) - come, approach

• अप्रमत्तौ (apramattau) - vigilant, careful, not heedless

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

महात्मा (mahātmā) - (referring to the king, Yudhiṣṭhira) (the great-souled one, noble, venerable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnificent

Compound of mahā (great) and ātman (soul)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (masculine)
• ātman – soul, self, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an

Note: Adjective modifying "sa rājā".

यमजौ (yamajau) - the twin brothers, Nakula and Sahadeva (the twins)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of yamaja

yamaja - twin

From yama (twin, pair) + ja (born)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yama+ja)

• yama – twin, pair
  noun (masculine)
  Root: yam
• ja – born, produced
  adjective (masculine)
  From root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to Nakula and Sahadeva.

समेत्य (sametya) - having met, having approached

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root i (to go) with prefix sam, ending in -tya (for prefixed roots)

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

मूर्धनि (mūrdhani) - on the head, in the head

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mūrdhan

mūrdhan - head, summit, top

N-stem noun

Note: Often used idiomatically to mean 'on the head of'.

उपाघ्राय (upāghrāya) - having kissed (their heads) (having smelled, having kissed (a customary greeting))

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root ghrā (to smell) with prefix upa, ending in -ya

Prefix: upa

Root: ghrā (class 1)

विमृज्य (vimṛjya) - having stroked (their bodies) (having stroked, having wiped, having cleaned)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root mṛj (to wipe, clean) with prefix vi, ending in -ya

Prefix: vi

Root: mṛj (class 2)

गात्रे (gātre) - the bodies (of the two twins) (the limbs, the bodies)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, dual of gātra

gātra - limb, body

Root: gā

Note: Object of "vimṛjya".

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense

Irregular perfect of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

तौ (tau) - to the twins (to them (dual), those two)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine dual accusative

बाष्पकलम् (bāṣpakalam) - choked with tears, tearfully, with suppressed tears

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bāṣpakala

bāṣpakala - choked with tears, tearful, indistinct with emotion

Compound of bāṣpa (tears) and kala (indistinct, soft, low). Adverbial usage.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bāṣpa+kala)

• bāṣpa – tears, steam
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vāṣp
• kala – indistinct, soft, low
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: kal

Note: Adverbial usage, functioning like an indeclinable, describing the manner of speaking.

स (sa) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular nominative

राजा (rājā) - King Yudhiṣṭhira (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

N-stem noun

Root: rāj

Note: Subject of "uvāca".

मा (mā) - do not, not

(indeclinable)

Used with the aorist or imperative to express prohibition

भैष्टम् (bhaiṣṭam) - do not fear

(verb)

2nd person , dual, middle, aorist injunctive (luṅ) of bhī

Aorist injunctive/imperative

Aorist middle voice, 2nd person dual. Used with mā for prohibition

Root: bhī (class 3)

आगच्छतम् (āgacchatam) - come, approach

(verb)

2nd person , dual, active, imperative (loṭ) of gam

Imperative mood

Root gam with prefix ā, present stem gaccha, 2nd person dual imperative active

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

अप्रमत्तौ (apramattau) - vigilant, careful, not heedless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of apramatta

apramatta - vigilant, attentive, not negligent

Past Passive Participle

Negative prefix 'a' + pramatta (negligent, careless). From root mad with prefix pra. Can also function adverbially.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pramatta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• pramatta – careless, negligent, intoxicated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root mad with prefix pra
  Prefix: pra
  Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Adjective agreeing with the implied subject of āgacchatam (the twins).