महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-140, verse-15

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
अपूर्वोऽयं संभ्रमो लोमशस्य कृष्णां सर्वे रक्षत मा प्रमादम् ।
देशो ह्ययं दुर्गतमो मतोऽस्य तस्मात्परं शौचमिहाचरध्वम् ॥१५॥

15. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
apūrvo'yaṁ saṁbhramo lomaśasya; kṛṣṇāṁ sarve rakṣata mā pramādam ,
deśo hyayaṁ durgatamo mato'sya; tasmātparaṁ śaucamihācaradhvam.

15. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca apūrvaḥ ayam saṃbhramaḥ
lomaśasya kṛṣṇām sarve rakṣata mā
pramādam deśaḥ hi ayam durgatamaḥ mataḥ
asya tasmāt param śaucam iha ācaradhvam

15. Yudhishthira said: "This unprecedented agitation of Lomaśa is important. All of you, protect Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī); do not be negligent! Indeed, this region is considered by him to be most difficult to access. Therefore, observe utmost purity here."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - The eldest Pāṇḍava brother. (Yudhishthira)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अपूर्वः (apūrvaḥ) - Describing Lomaśa's agitation as something not seen before. (unprecedented, new, not previously existing)

• अयम् (ayam) - Refers to the agitation. (this)

• संभ्रमः (saṁbhramaḥ) - The sage Lomaśa's agitated state. (agitation, excitement, haste, confusion)

• लोमशस्य (lomaśasya) - Refers to the sage Lomaśa. (of Lomaśa)

• कृष्णाम् (kṛṣṇām) - The wife of the Pāṇḍavas. (Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī))

• सर्वे (sarve) - Refers to the Pāṇḍava brothers. (all (of you))

• रक्षत (rakṣata) - protect

• मा (mā) - Used with imperative to express prohibition. (not, do not)

• प्रमादम् (pramādam) - Do not fall into negligence. (negligence, carelessness, inadvertence)

• देशः (deśaḥ) - Refers to the difficult terrain they are in. (region, place, country)

• हि (hi) - Explanatory particle. (indeed, for, because)

• अयम् (ayam) - Refers to the region (deśaḥ). (this)

• दुर्गतमः (durgatamaḥ) - Describing the nature of the region. (most difficult to access, most inaccessible)

• मतः (mataḥ) - The region is considered difficult by Lomaśa. (considered, thought, deemed)

• अस्य (asya) - Referring to Lomaśa (the implied agent of 'considered'). (by him, of this)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - Concluding particle based on the difficulty of the region. (therefore, from that)

• परम् (param) - Emphasizes the degree of purity required. (supreme, utmost, excellent, exceedingly)

• शौचम् (śaucam) - Ritual and physical purity, important in holy/difficult places. (purity, cleanliness)

• इह (iha) - In this difficult region they are in. (here, in this place)

• आचरध्वम् (ācaradhvam) - observe, practice, perform

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - The eldest Pāṇḍava brother. (Yudhishthira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (steadfast in battle)

From yudhi (in battle) + sthira (firm, steadfast).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  indeclinable (feminine)
  Locative of yudh (battle).
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, steadfast
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अपूर्वः (apūrvaḥ) - Describing Lomaśa's agitation as something not seen before. (unprecedented, new, not previously existing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apūrva

apūrva - unprecedented, new, not before

From a (negation) + pūrva (former, previous).

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+pūrva)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• pūrva – former, previous, prior
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'saṃbhramaḥ'.

अयम् (ayam) - Refers to the agitation. (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Demonstrative pronoun.

संभ्रमः (saṁbhramaḥ) - The sage Lomaśa's agitated state. (agitation, excitement, haste, confusion)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃbhrama

saṁbhrama - agitation, confusion, haste, excitement

From root bhram (to wander) with prefix sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

लोमशस्य (lomaśasya) - Refers to the sage Lomaśa. (of Lomaśa)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of lomaśa

lomaśa - Lomaśa (name of a sage)

Note: Possessive for 'saṃbhramaḥ'.

कृष्णाम् (kṛṣṇām) - The wife of the Pāṇḍavas. (Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṛṣṇā

kṛṣṇā - Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī), dark-skinned

Note: Object of 'protect'.

सर्वे (sarve) - Refers to the Pāṇḍava brothers. (all (of you))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every

Note: Subject of 'rakṣata'.

रक्षत (rakṣata) - protect

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of rakṣ

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Command to the Pāṇḍavas.

मा (mā) - Used with imperative to express prohibition. (not, do not)

(indeclinable)

प्रमादम् (pramādam) - Do not fall into negligence. (negligence, carelessness, inadvertence)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pramāda

pramāda - negligence, carelessness, error, inadvertence

From root mad (to be intoxicated/careless) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Object of implied 'do not incur/commit'.

देशः (deśaḥ) - Refers to the difficult terrain they are in. (region, place, country)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of deśa

deśa - region, place, country

Note: Subject of the clause.

हि (hi) - Explanatory particle. (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

अयम् (ayam) - Refers to the region (deśaḥ). (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Demonstrative pronoun.

दुर्गतमः (durgatamaḥ) - Describing the nature of the region. (most difficult to access, most inaccessible)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durgatama

durgatama - most difficult to access, most inaccessible

Superlative degree

Superlative of durga (difficult to go) + tamaP affix.

Compound type : tatpurusha (dur+gata)

• dur – difficult, bad, evil
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty.
• gata – gone, accessed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'deśaḥ'.

मतः (mataḥ) - The region is considered difficult by Lomaśa. (considered, thought, deemed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mata

mata - considered, thought, esteemed, opinion

Past Passive Participle

From root man (to think, believe).

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Predicate adjective.

अस्य (asya) - Referring to Lomaśa (the implied agent of 'considered'). (by him, of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Genitive indicating the agent for the passive participle 'mataḥ'.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - Concluding particle based on the difficulty of the region. (therefore, from that)

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'therefore'.

परम् (param) - Emphasizes the degree of purity required. (supreme, utmost, excellent, exceedingly)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, utmost, other, excellent, ultimate

Note: Qualifies 'śaucam'.

शौचम् (śaucam) - Ritual and physical purity, important in holy/difficult places. (purity, cleanliness)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śauca

śauca - purity, cleanliness, ritual purity

From śuci (pure).

Note: Object of 'ācaradhvam'.

इह (iha) - In this difficult region they are in. (here, in this place)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of place.

आचरध्वम् (ācaradhvam) - observe, practice, perform

(verb)

2nd person , plural, middle, imperative (loṭ) of ācar

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Command to the Pāṇḍavas.