महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-140, verse-16

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततोऽब्रवीद्भीममुदारवीर्यं कृष्णां यत्तः पालय भीमसेन ।
शून्येऽर्जुनेऽसंनिहिते च तात त्वमेव कृष्णां भजसेऽसुखेषु ॥१६॥

16. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tato'bravīdbhīmamudāravīryaṁ; kṛṣṇāṁ yattaḥ pālaya bhīmasena ,
śūnye'rjune'saṁnihite ca tāta; tvameva kṛṣṇāṁ bhajase'sukheṣu.

16. vaiśampāyanaḥ uvāca tataḥ abravīt bhīmam
udāravīryam kṛṣṇām yattaḥ pālaya
bhīmasena śūnye arjune asaṃnihite ca
tāta tvam eva kṛṣṇām bhajase asukheṣu

16. Vaiśampāyana said: "Then he spoke to Bhīma, who possessed great valor: 'O Bhīmasena, diligently protect Draupadī! O dear one, in Arjuna's absence and when he is not present, you alone must care for Draupadī in these times of unhappiness.'"

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke

• भीमम् (bhīmam) - to Bhīma

• उदारवीर्यम् (udāravīryam) - (referring to Bhīma) (of immense valor, of great prowess)

• कृष्णाम् (kṛṣṇām) - Draupadī, the wife of the Pāṇḍavas (Draupadī, the dark one)

• यत्तः (yattaḥ) - diligently, carefully, striving

• पालय (pālaya) - protect, guard, cherish

• भीमसेन (bhīmasena) - O Bhīmasena

• शून्ये (śūnye) - in the absence (of Arjuna) (in the absence, in the void)

• अर्जुने (arjune) - in Arjuna's absence, when Arjuna is not present (of Arjuna, in Arjuna)

• असंनिहिते (asaṁnihite) - (referring to Arjuna) when he is not present (when not present, in the absence of)

• च (ca) - and

• तात (tāta) - O dear one (an affectionate address) (O dear one, O father, O child)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• एव (eva) - you alone (only, alone, indeed)

• कृष्णाम् (kṛṣṇām) - Draupadī

• भजसे (bhajase) - you care for, attend to (you attend to, you serve, you resort to, you care for)

• असुखेषु (asukheṣu) - in these times of unhappiness/distress (in times of unhappiness, in distress, in sorrows)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - name of a sage

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense

Irregular perfect of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect tense

Past tense of brū (ad-class root)

Root: brū (class 2)

भीमम् (bhīmam) - to Bhīma

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhīma (name of a Pāṇḍava), terrible, fearful

उदारवीर्यम् (udāravīryam) - (referring to Bhīma) (of immense valor, of great prowess)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of udāravīrya

udāravīrya - having great energy/prowess, magnanimous

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (udāra+vīrya)

• udāra – noble, excellent, great
  adjective (masculine)
• vīrya – valor, strength, energy, prowess
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vīr

Note: Adjective modifying "bhīmam".

कृष्णाम् (kṛṣṇām) - Draupadī, the wife of the Pāṇḍavas (Draupadī, the dark one)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṛṣṇā

kṛṣṇā - Draupadī, the dark one

Feminine form of kṛṣṇa

यत्तः (yattaḥ) - diligently, carefully, striving

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yatta

yatta - diligent, careful, engaged

Past Passive Participle

From root yam (to restrain, control)

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Adjective agreeing with the implied subject (Bhīma) of the imperative verb "pālaya".

पालय (pālaya) - protect, guard, cherish

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of pāl

Imperative mood

Causal (or denominative) stem of pā with imperative ending

Root: pāl (class 10)

भीमसेन (bhīmasena) - O Bhīmasena

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhīmasena (a name of Bhīma)

शून्ये (śūnye) - in the absence (of Arjuna) (in the absence, in the void)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of śūnya

śūnya - empty, void, absent, zero

Root: śū

Note: Adjective agreeing with "arjune".

अर्जुने (arjune) - in Arjuna's absence, when Arjuna is not present (of Arjuna, in Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pāṇḍava), white, bright

Note: Locative absolute construction, implying "when Arjuna is absent".

असंनिहिते (asaṁnihite) - (referring to Arjuna) when he is not present (when not present, in the absence of)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of asaṃnihita

asaṁnihita - not present, absent

Past Passive Participle

Negative prefix 'a' + saṃnihita (present, nearby). saṃ + ni + dhā (to place), ppp 'hita'. Often acts as adjective.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+saṃnihita)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• saṃnihita – present, near
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhā with prefixes sam and ni
  Prefixes: sam+ni
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Adjective agreeing with "arjune".

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

तात (tāta) - O dear one (an affectionate address) (O dear one, O father, O child)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one (term of endearment)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Second person pronoun, nominative singular

एव (eva) - you alone (only, alone, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

कृष्णाम् (kṛṣṇām) - Draupadī

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṛṣṇā

kṛṣṇā - Draupadī, the dark one

Feminine form of kṛṣṇa

भजसे (bhajase) - you care for, attend to (you attend to, you serve, you resort to, you care for)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of bhaj

Present tense

Middle voice (ātmanepada) second person singular present tense

Root: bhaj (class 1)

असुखेषु (asukheṣu) - in these times of unhappiness/distress (in times of unhappiness, in distress, in sorrows)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of asukha

asukha - unhappiness, sorrow, distress

Negative prefix 'a' + sukha (happiness, ease)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sukha)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• sukha – happiness, joy, ease
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to difficult circumstances or times.