महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-127, verse-8

तमार्तनादं सहसा शुश्राव स महीपतिः ।
अमात्यपरिषन्मध्ये उपविष्टः सहर्त्विजैः ॥८॥

8. tamārtanādaṁ sahasā śuśrāva sa mahīpatiḥ ,
amātyapariṣanmadhye upaviṣṭaḥ sahartvijaiḥ.

8. tam ārtanādam sahasā śuśrāva saḥ mahīpatiḥ
amātyapariṣat madhye upaviṣṭaḥ sahartvijaiḥ

8. The king (mahīpati), who was seated among his council of ministers and with the priests (ṛtvij), suddenly heard that cry of distress (ārtanāda).

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that, him

• आर्तनादम् (ārtanādam) - cry of distress, wail of pain

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, immediately, quickly

• शुश्राव (śuśrāva) - heard

• सः (saḥ) - the king (he, that)

• महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - king, lord of the earth

• अमात्यपरिषत् (amātyapariṣat) - council of ministers, assembly of ministers

• मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle, amidst, among

• उपविष्टः (upaviṣṭaḥ) - seated, sitting

• सहर्त्विजैः (sahartvijaiḥ) - with the priests

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that, him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

आर्तनादम् (ārtanādam) - cry of distress, wail of pain

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ārtanāda

ārtanāda - cry of distress, wail of pain

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ārta+nāda)

• ārta – distressed, afflicted, suffering
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ṛ (to go, to move, to obtain, also used in context of suffering)
  Root: ṛ
• nāda – sound, roar, cry
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nad (class 1)

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, immediately, quickly

(indeclinable)

Instrumental form used as an adverb

शुश्राव (śuśrāva) - heard

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

सः (saḥ) - the king (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - king, lord of the earth

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - lord of the earth, king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband, owner
  noun (masculine)

अमात्यपरिषत् (amātyapariṣat) - council of ministers, assembly of ministers

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of amātyapariṣad

amātyapariṣad - council of ministers, assembly of ministers

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (amātya+pariṣad)

• amātya – minister, counselor
  noun (masculine)
• pariṣad – assembly, council, court
  noun (feminine)

Note: Used here as part of a compound with 'madhye' to mean 'in the midst of the council of ministers'

मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle, amidst, among

(indeclinable)

Note: Locative case used as an adverb.

उपविष्टः (upaviṣṭaḥ) - seated, sitting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upa-viś

viś - to enter, to sit down

Past Passive Participle

From root viś with prefix upa, forms the past passive participle

Prefix: upa

Root: viś (class 6)

सहर्त्विजैः (sahartvijaiḥ) - with the priests

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sahartvij

sahartvij - accompanied by priests

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saha+ṛtvij)

• saha – with, together with
  indeclinable
• ṛtvij – sacrificing priest
  noun (masculine)